Electronic identification
electronic identification ("eID") は、市民や組織の電子的な識別ソリューションであり、例えば、政府当局や銀行、その他の企業が提供する特典やサービスを利用することを目的としています。オンライン認証のほか、多くの eIC では、電子文書に電子署名をすることができます。
目次
インストール
すべての種類の電子証明書には ccid パッケージのインストールが必要です。インストール後、pcscd.socket を有効にして起動します。さらに、ACS スマートカードも acsccid パッケージが必要です。
CR-75 カードリーダー (1307:0361) をお持ちの場合、次のドライバもコンパイルする必要があります: https://github.com/jordidg/libcr75。その後、リーダーを再接続してください。
pcsc-tools には pcsc_scan プログラムが含まれており、スマートカードの検出を確認するのに使用できます スマートカード#カードリーダーのスキャン。
PIN の入力には、pinentry を使用します。これは、PIN 番号を入力するウィンドウを描画するために、gtk2 または qt5-base のいずれかがインストールされていることが必要です。
ベルギー
To identify with an identification card reader, the following steps are required:
- The app for authentication [1]
Import the (continuous build) keys from [2]. See makepkg#Signature checking. Install the eid-mw package. Run:
$ about-eid-mw
which should open a window. In the window, check that the "PCSC daemon status" is "running".
If it is not the case, start pcscd.service.
In the same window, copy the value for "PKCS#11 location".
This value can alternatively be found by first finding the module (which might be beidpkcs11.so) by doing:
# p11tool --list-tokens
Then finding the full path with:
# find /usr/lib -name beidpkcs11.so
- The driver of the card reader itself.
Look at the brand of the card reader; there is a high chance it is ACS (Advanced Card System Ltd). If it is ACS, go to https://belgeid.be/product/acr38 and download the Linux driver. Follow the described install driver process.
- Know which internet browser you will be using
For Chrome, no plugin. For Chromium, you will need to install opensc and p11-kit as well. You may consider: https://devctl.blogspot.com/2014/01/making-belgian-eid-work-on-arch-linux.html
For Firefox, add the Firefox plugin to your browser. In recent versions, you will need to manually add the eID module to the Firefox security devices configuration. Your module path might be different than the one in the guide, use the value of "PKCS#11 location" found with the instructions at the authentication paragraph.
To test if the setup worked, try it out on the test page. You may find hints for troubleshooting in the official documentation but keep in mind that Arch Linux is not officially supported.
Signing documents
Signing emails with Thunderbird and documents with LibreOffice is explained in a blog post by Luc Stroobant.
Depending on your system configuration it may be possible to run Adobe Reader DC under wine (see also the official FAQ on digital digital signatures). If using Adobe Reader is not possible, you can use Belgian Federal Public Services' "signing box". Using this service requires the installation of an extra eID middleware and extension by e-contract.be. Navigate to the signing box page, upload any pdf-file and attempt to add a digital signature to begin the installation process.
Alternatively, okular provides native digital signing of pdf's in Linux since version 21.04.
ブラジル (ICP-Brasil)
SSL
Install ca-certificates-icp_brAUR as the Brazilian root CAs are not part of Mozilla's NSS due to a long standing issue.
Smart Cards (A3 certificates)
1. Install safesignidentityclientAUR and opensc.
2. Start/enable pcscd.service
Firefox
Navigate to Edit -> Preference -> Advanced -> Certificates -> Security Devices and click "Load" to load a module using /usr/lib/libaetpkss.so and name it ICP-Brasil A3 - Safe Sign Identity Client.
Test it by going to Receita Federal's e-CAC.
Chrome
Ensure Chrome is closed and run:
modutil -dbdir sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb/ -add "ICP-Brasil A3 - Safe Sign Identity Client" -libfile /usr/lib/libaetpkss.so
エストニア
See
- https://www.id.ee/?lang=en
- Automated installation script in Estonian community wiki: EST | ENG. Although initially created for Manjaro Linux, it is also suitable for Arch Linux and other related distributions that use pacman.
DigiDoc
Once ccid is installed and pcscd.socket is started, install qdigidoc4AUR. One of the dependency xml-security-cAUR is verified with a signature that you have to import to your GnuPG keyring.
If you have an ACS card reader, acsccid is required.
DigiDoc4 has an optional GNOME/Files right click menu integration that requires python-nautilus to be installed. Currently this is broken due to missing Python 3 support
Chromium
After installing chrome-token-signingAUR, enable the PIN 1 authentication in Google Chrome and Chromium by running the following command (taken from the open-eid repo).
modutil -dbdir sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb -add opensc-pkcs11 -libfile onepin-opensc-pkcs11.so -mechanisms FRIENDLY
Firefox
To enable PIN 1 authentication in Firefox you should install esteidpkcs11loaderAUR and chrome-token-signingAUR. After restarting the browser make sure that "Firefox PKCS11 loader" extension is enabled. You can also follow manual instructions at Smartcards#Mozilla Firefox.
フィンランド
Official instructions: https://dvv.fi/kansalaisvarmenne-kortinlukijaohjelmisto.
mPollux Digisign Client
First install the prequisites as described in #Installation. Then install vrk-mpollux-digisign-clientAUR. Launch the client, connect your reader and put in your card. Click the icon in your status bar once it turns yellow. This should trigger the card activation process if you have not activated it before.
Firefox
Navigate to Security Devices page (Search it via Preferences), then click Load and set Module Name to DigiSign PKCS#11-moduuli and module filename to /usr/lib/libcryptoki.so. Finally restrart Firefox. The card can be tested at: https://dvv.fi/testaa-varmenteen-kayttoa.
ドイツ
ReinerSCT デバイス
デバイスによっては pcsc-cyberjackAUR をインストールし、デフォルトの設定ファイル /etc/pcsc-cyberjack/cyberjack.conf.default を同じフォルダにコピーし、接尾辞 .default を除いたものを使う必要があります。pcsc.service を再起動すると、ausweisapp2AUR のようなアプリケーションがスキャナーを認識するはずです。ReinerSCT RFID は LED を点滅させますが、これはドライバが正しくインストールされていないときには点滅しません。
スペイン
DNI electrónico (DNIe)
ca-certificates-dnieAUR をインストールします。あなたの ID カードを使ってドキュメントに署名するには、autofirmaAUR をインストールしてください
スウェーデン
BankID はスウェーデンの代表的な電子証明書です。