Bash カラープロンプト
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Bash プロンプト (PS1) の可能性は幅広く、カスタマイズすることでコマンドラインでの生産性を向上させることができます。情報を追加したりカラー化することで傑出したプロンプトになります。
このガイドでは通常ユーザーの個人用プロンプトをカスタマイズする方法を紹介します。
変更の適用
(subshell がない) .bashrc に加えた変更は次を実行することで適用されます:
$ source ~/.bashrc
基本のプロンプト
以下の設定は root のプロンプトと root 以外のユーザーを見分けるのに役に立ちます。
通常ユーザー
通常ユーザーの緑のプロンプト:
[chiri@zetsubou ~]$ _
~/.bashrc
#PS1='[\u@\h \W]\$ ' # Default PS1='\[\e[1;32m\][\u@\h \W]\$\[\e[0m\] '
Root
root の赤のプロンプト (/etc/skel/ からコピーしてない場合は、コピーしてください):
[root@zetsubou ~]# _
/root/.bashrc
#PS1='[\u@\h \W]\$ ' # Default PS1='\[\e[1;31m\][\u@\h \W]\$\[\e[0m\] '
ちょっとだけオシャレなプロンプト
通常ユーザー
通常ユーザーの緑/青のプロンプト:
chiri ~/docs $ echo "sample output text"
sample output text
chiri ~/docs $ _
sample output text
chiri ~/docs $ _
PS1='\[\e[0;32m\]\u\[\e[m\] \[\e[1;34m\]\w\[\e[m\] \[\e[1;32m\]\$\[\e[m\] \[\e[1;37m\]'
とても見やすい、明るい白のテキストのコンソールで、カラフルなプロンプトとテーマになります。
上の文字列にはカラーセットのエスケープシーケンス (\[\e[color\] で始まり \[\e[m\] で終わる) と情報のプレースホルダが含まれています:
- \u - ユーザー名。元のプロンプトにある \h はホスト名を表示します。
- \w - カレントディレクトリの絶対パス。相対パスを表示するには \W を使います。
- \$ - プロンプト記号 (例: root の場合
#、通常ユーザーの場合$)。 - \[ と \] - bash にカーソルを正しく配置する方法を知らせるために、このタグはカラーコードの前後に置きます。
その他の特殊文字については、gnu.org の bash プロンプトのコントロール のウェブページを見て下さい。
最後のカラーセットのシーケンス \[\e[1;37m\] は閉じられていませんが、これは残りのテキスト (ターミナルに入力されたテキストやプログラムの出力など) が明るい白になるようにするためです。出力を元の色で表示するために、この色を変更したり、最後のエスケープシーケンスを削除することが望ましいでしょう。
Root
root の赤/青のプロンプト:
root ~/docs # echo "sample output text"
sample output text
root ~/docs # _
sample output text
root ~/docs # _
PS1='\[\e[0;31m\]\u\[\e[m\] \[\e[1;34m\]\w\[\e[m\] \[\e[0;31m\]\$ \[\e[m\]\[\e[0;32m\]'
赤色の記号と緑色のコンソールテキストになります。
高度なプロンプト
256色の Load/Mem ステータス
This is not even pushing the limits. Other than using sed to parse the memory and load average (using the -u option for non-buffering), and the builtin history to save your history to your HISTFILE after every command, which you may find incredibly useful when dealing with crashing shells or subshells, this is essentially just making BASH print variables it already knows, making this extremely fast compared to prompts with non-builtin commands.
This prompt is from AskApache.com's BASH Power Prompt article, which goes into greater detail. It is especially helpful for those wanting to understand 256 color terminals, ncurses, termcap, and terminfo.
This is for 256 color terminals, which is where the \033[38;5;22m terminal escapes come from.
802/1024MB 1.28 1.20 1.13 3/94 18563 [5416:17880 0:70] 05:35:50 Wed Apr 21 [srot@host.sqpt.net:/dev/pts/0 +1] ~
(1:70)$ _
PROMPT_COMMAND='history -a;echo -en "\033[m\033[38;5;2m"$(( $(sed -nu "s/MemFree:[\t ]\+\([0-9]\+\) kB/\1/p" /proc/meminfo)/1024))"\033[38;5;22m/"$(($(sed -nu "s/MemTotal:[\t ]\+\([0-9]\+\) kB/\1/Ip" /proc/meminfo)/1024 ))MB"\t\033[m\033[38;5;55m$(< /proc/loadavg)\033[m"'
PS1='\[\e[m\n\e[1;30m\][$$:$PPID \j:\!\[\e[1;30m\]]\[\e[0;36m\] \T \d \[\e[1;30m\][\[\e[1;34m\]\u@\H\[\e[1;30m\]:\[\e[0;37m\]${SSH_TTY} \[\e[0;32m\]+${SHLVL}\[\e[1;30m\]] \[\e[1;37m\]\w\[\e[0;37m\] \n($SHLVL:\!)\$ '
プロンプトと Bash のカラーリスト
以下を Bash ファイルに追加してプロンプトやコマンドの色を定義してください:
txtblk='\e[0;30m' # Black - Regular txtred='\e[0;31m' # Red txtgrn='\e[0;32m' # Green txtylw='\e[0;33m' # Yellow txtblu='\e[0;34m' # Blue txtpur='\e[0;35m' # Purple txtcyn='\e[0;36m' # Cyan txtwht='\e[0;37m' # White bldblk='\e[1;30m' # Black - Bold bldred='\e[1;31m' # Red bldgrn='\e[1;32m' # Green bldylw='\e[1;33m' # Yellow bldblu='\e[1;34m' # Blue bldpur='\e[1;35m' # Purple bldcyn='\e[1;36m' # Cyan bldwht='\e[1;37m' # White unkblk='\e[4;30m' # Black - Underline undred='\e[4;31m' # Red undgrn='\e[4;32m' # Green undylw='\e[4;33m' # Yellow undblu='\e[4;34m' # Blue undpur='\e[4;35m' # Purple undcyn='\e[4;36m' # Cyan undwht='\e[4;37m' # White bakblk='\e[40m' # Black - Background bakred='\e[41m' # Red bakgrn='\e[42m' # Green bakylw='\e[43m' # Yellow bakblu='\e[44m' # Blue bakpur='\e[45m' # Purple bakcyn='\e[46m' # Cyan bakwht='\e[47m' # White txtrst='\e[0m' # Text Reset
もしくは、特殊なデコーダリングを使うことなくわかりやすい色の名前を使いたい場合、また、彩度が高い色を使いたい場合:
# Reset Color_Off='\e[0m' # Text Reset # Regular Colors Black='\e[0;30m' # Black Red='\e[0;31m' # Red Green='\e[0;32m' # Green Yellow='\e[0;33m' # Yellow Blue='\e[0;34m' # Blue Purple='\e[0;35m' # Purple Cyan='\e[0;36m' # Cyan White='\e[0;37m' # White # Bold BBlack='\e[1;30m' # Black BRed='\e[1;31m' # Red BGreen='\e[1;32m' # Green BYellow='\e[1;33m' # Yellow BBlue='\e[1;34m' # Blue BPurple='\e[1;35m' # Purple BCyan='\e[1;36m' # Cyan BWhite='\e[1;37m' # White # Underline UBlack='\e[4;30m' # Black URed='\e[4;31m' # Red UGreen='\e[4;32m' # Green UYellow='\e[4;33m' # Yellow UBlue='\e[4;34m' # Blue UPurple='\e[4;35m' # Purple UCyan='\e[4;36m' # Cyan UWhite='\e[4;37m' # White # Background On_Black='\e[40m' # Black On_Red='\e[41m' # Red On_Green='\e[42m' # Green On_Yellow='\e[43m' # Yellow On_Blue='\e[44m' # Blue On_Purple='\e[45m' # Purple On_Cyan='\e[46m' # Cyan On_White='\e[47m' # White # High Intensity IBlack='\e[0;90m' # Black IRed='\e[0;91m' # Red IGreen='\e[0;92m' # Green IYellow='\e[0;93m' # Yellow IBlue='\e[0;94m' # Blue IPurple='\e[0;95m' # Purple ICyan='\e[0;96m' # Cyan IWhite='\e[0;97m' # White # Bold High Intensity BIBlack='\e[1;90m' # Black BIRed='\e[1;91m' # Red BIGreen='\e[1;92m' # Green BIYellow='\e[1;93m' # Yellow BIBlue='\e[1;94m' # Blue BIPurple='\e[1;95m' # Purple BICyan='\e[1;96m' # Cyan BIWhite='\e[1;97m' # White # High Intensity backgrounds On_IBlack='\e[0;100m' # Black On_IRed='\e[0;101m' # Red On_IGreen='\e[0;102m' # Green On_IYellow='\e[0;103m' # Yellow On_IBlue='\e[0;104m' # Blue On_IPurple='\e[0;105m' # Purple On_ICyan='\e[0;106m' # Cyan On_IWhite='\e[0;107m' # White
シェル環境からコマンドで使うには:
$ echo -e "${txtblu}test"
test
$ echo -e "${bldblu}test"
test
$ echo -e "${undblu}test"
test
$ echo -e "${bakblu}test"
test
$ _
test
$ echo -e "${bldblu}test"
test
$ echo -e "${undblu}test"
test
$ echo -e "${bakblu}test"
test
$ _
PS1="\[$txtblu\]foo\[$txtred\] bar\[$txtrst\] baz : "
Double quotes enable $color variable expansion and the \[ \] escapes around them make them not count as character positions and the cursor position is not wrong.
プロンプトの拡張
man ページには様々な Bash プロンプトエスケープが載っています:
Bash allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a
number of backslash-escaped special characters that are
decoded as follows:
\a an ASCII bell character (07)
\d the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26")
\D{format} the format is passed to strftime(3) and the result
is inserted into the prompt string an empty format
results in a locale-specific time representation.
The braces are required
\e an ASCII escape character (033)
\h the hostname up to the first `.'
\H the hostname
\j the number of jobs currently managed by the shell
\l the basename of the shell's terminal device name
\n newline
\r carriage return
\s the name of the shell, the basename of $0 (the portion following
the final slash)
\t the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
\T the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
\@ the current time in 12-hour am/pm format
\A the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format
\u the username of the current user
\v the version of bash (e.g., 2.00)
\V the release of bash, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
\w the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde
\W the basename of the current working directory, with $HOME
abbreviated with a tilde
\! the history number of this command
\# the command number of this command
\$ if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $
\nnn the character corresponding to the octal number nnn
\\ a backslash
\[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used
to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt
\] end a sequence of non-printing characters
The command number and the history number are usually different:
the history number of a command is its position in the history
list, which may include commands restored from the history file
(see HISTORY below), while the command number is the position in
the sequence of commands executed during the current shell session.
After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter
expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
removal, subject to the value of the promptvars shell option (see
the description of the shopt command under SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
below).
カーソルの位置
以下のシーケンスはカーソルの位置をセットします:
\[\033[<row>;<column>f\]
現在のカーソル位置を保存するには:
\[\033[s\]
位置を復元するには、以下のシーケンスを使用:
\[\033[u\]
下の例は、以上のシーケンスを使って右上のコーナーに時計を表示します:
PS1=">\[\033[s\]\[\033[1;\$((COLUMNS-5))f\]\$(date +%H:%M)\[\033[u\]"
環境変数 COLUMNS にはターミナルの列の数が入ります。上の例では COLUMNS から 5 を引いて date の5文字分だけ右端に出力できるように整えています。
戻り値を視覚的に表現
以下のプロンプトを使うことで最後に実行したコマンドの返り値をわかりやすくできます:
0 ;) : true
0 ;) : false
1 ;( :
0 ;) : false
1 ;( :
#return value visualisation PS1="\$? \$(if [[ \$? == 0 ]]; then echo \"\[\033[0;32m\];)\"; else echo \"\[\033[0;31m\];(\"; fi)\[\033[00m\] : "
Zero は緑のスマイリーで non-zero は赤になります。最後の操作が成功したならばプロンプトは微笑みます。
以下のようにユーザー名とホスト名を含めても良いでしょう:
0 ;) andy@alba ~ $ true
0 ;) andy@alba ~ $ false
1 ;( andy@alba ~ $ _
0 ;) andy@alba ~ $ false
1 ;( andy@alba ~ $ _
#return value visualisation
PS1="\[\033[01;37m\]\$? \$(if [[ \$? == 0 ]]; then echo \"\[\033[01;32m\];)\"; else echo \"\[\033[01;31m\];(\"; fi) $(if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]]; then echo '\[\033[01;31m\]\h'; else echo '\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h'; fi)\[\033[01;34m\] \w \$\[\033[00m\] "
また、宜しければ、zero ステータスのときは ✓ ユニコード記号を、nonzero ステータスのときは ✗ ユニコード記号を使ってプロンプトを構築することもできます:
0 ✓ andy@alba ~ $ true
0 ✓ andy@alba ~ $ false
1 ✗ andy@alba ~ $ I\ will\ try\ to\ type\ a\ wrong\ command...
bash: I will try to type a wrong command...: command not found
127 ✗ andy@alba ~ $ _
0 ✓ andy@alba ~ $ false
1 ✗ andy@alba ~ $ I\ will\ try\ to\ type\ a\ wrong\ command...
bash: I will try to type a wrong command...: command not found
127 ✗ andy@alba ~ $ _
#return value visualisation
PS1="\[\033[01;37m\]\$? \$(if [[ \$? == 0 ]]; then echo \"\[\033[01;32m\]\342\234\223\"; else echo \"\[\033[01;31m\]\342\234\227\"; fi) $(if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]]; then echo '\[\033[01;31m\]\h'; else echo '\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h'; fi)\[\033[01;34m\] \w \$\[\033[00m\] "
さらに、PROMPT_COMMAND で 可読性 を向上させることができます:
set_prompt () {
Last_Command=$? # Must come first!
Blue='\[\e[01;34m\]'
White='\[\e[01;37m\]'
Red='\[\e[01;31m\]'
Green='\[\e[01;32m\]'
Reset='\[\e[00m\]'
FancyX='\342\234\227'
Checkmark='\342\234\223'
# Add a bright white exit status for the last command
PS1="$White\$? "
# If it was successful, print a green check mark. Otherwise, print
# a red X.
if [[ $Last_Command == 0 ]]; then
PS1+="$Green$Checkmark "
else
PS1+="$Red$FancyX "
fi
# If root, just print the host in red. Otherwise, print the current user
# and host in green.
if [[ $EUID == 0 ]]; then
PS1+="$Red\\h "
else
PS1+="$Green\\u@\\h "
fi
# Print the working directory and prompt marker in blue, and reset
# the text color to the default.
PS1+="$Blue\\w \\\$$Reset "
}
PROMPT_COMMAND='set_prompt'
以下は non-zero の場合に、エラーステータスだけを含める設定です:
PROMPT_COMMAND='es=$?; [[ $es -eq 0 ]] && unset error || error=$(echo -e "\e[1;41m $es \e[40m")'
PS1="${error} ${PS1}"
Tips and tricks
テキストエントリとコンソールの出力で別の色を使う
If you do not reset the text color at the end of your prompt, both the text you enter and the console text will simply stay in that color. If you want to edit text in a special color but still use the default color for command output, you will need to reset the color after you press Enter, but still before any commands get run. You can do this by installing a DEBUG trap, like this:
~/.bashrc
trap 'printf "\e[0m" "$_"' DEBUG
ログイン時にランダムで名言を表示
褐色の Fortune プロンプトを表示するには、以下を追加:
~/.bashrc
[[ "$PS1" ]] && echo -e "\e[00;33m$(/usr/bin/fortune)\e[00m"
ログイン時に Arch の最新ニュースをカラーで表示
Arch 公式ウェブサイトから最新のニュースアイテム10件を読み込む、小さなカラーの RSS 拡張スクリプト (ユーザー grufo の作品):
:: Arch Linux: Recent news updates ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/ ]
The latest and greatest news from the Arch Linux distribution.
en-us Sun, 04 Nov 2012 16:09:46 +0000
:: End of initscripts support ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/end-of-initscripts-support/ ]
Tom Gundersen wrote:
As systemd is now the default init system, Arch Linux is receiving minimal testing on initscripts systems. Due to a lack of resources and interest, we are unlikely to work on fixing initscripts-specific bugs, and may close them as WONTFIX.
We therefore strongly encourage all users to migrate to systemd as soon as possible. See the systemd migration guide [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd ].
To ease the transition, initscripts support will remain in the official repositories for the time being, unless otherwise stated. As of January 2013, we will start removing initscripts support (e.g., rc scripts) from individual packages without further notice.
Tom Gundersen Sun, 04 Nov 2012 16:09:46 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-11-04:/news/end-of-initscripts-support/
:: November release of install media available ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/november-release-of-install-media-available/ ]
Pierre Schmitz wrote:
The latest snapshot of our install and rescue media can be found on our Download [ https://www.archlinux.org/download/ ] page. The 2012.11.01 ISO image mainly contains minor bug fixes, cleanups and new packages compared to the previous one:
* First media with Linux 3.6
* copytoram=n can be used to not copy the image to RAM on network boot. This is probably unreliable but an option for systems with very low memory.
* cowfile_size boot parameter mainly for persistent COW on VFAT. See the README [ https://projects.archlinux.org/archiso.git/plain/docs/README.bootparams?id=v4 ] file for details.
Pierre Schmitz Fri, 02 Nov 2012 17:54:15 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-11-02:/news/november-release-of-install-media-available/
:: Bug Squashing Day: Saturday 17th November ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/bug-squashing-day-saturday-17th-november/ ]
Allan McRae wrote:
The number of bugs in the Arch Linux bug tracker is creeping up so it is time for some extermination.
This is a great way for the community to get involved and help the Arch Linux team. The process is simple. First look at a bug for your favorite piece of software in the bug tracker and check if it still occurs. If it does, check the upstream project for a fix and test it to confirm it works. If there is no fix available, make sure the bug has been filed in the upstream tracker.
Join us on the #archlinux-bugs IRC channel. We are spread across timezones, so people should be around all day.
Allan McRae Thu, 01 Nov 2012 12:28:51 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-11-01:/news/bug-squashing-day-saturday-17th-november/
:: ConsoleKit replaced by logind ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/consolekit-replaced-by-logind/ ]
Allan McRae wrote:
With GNOME 3.6, polkit and networkmanager moving to [extra], ConsoleKit has now been removed from the repositories. Any package that previously depended on it now relies on systemd-logind instead. That means that the system must be booted with systemd to be fully functional.
In addition to GNOME, both KDE and XFCE are also affected by this change.
Allan McRae Tue, 30 Oct 2012 22:17:39 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-10-30:/news/consolekit-replaced-by-logind/
:: systemd is now the default on new installations ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/systemd-is-now-the-default-on-new-installations/ ]
Thomas Bächler wrote:
The base group now contains the systemd-sysvcompat package. This means that all new installations will boot with systemd by default.
As some packages still lack native systemd units, users can install the initscripts package and use the DAEMONS array in /etc/rc.conf to start services using the legacy rc.d scripts.
This change does not affect existing installations. For the time being, the initscripts and sysvinit packages remain available from our repositories. However, individual packages may now start relying on the system being booted with systemd.
Please refer to the wiki [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd ] for how to transition an existing installation to systemd.
Thomas Bächler Sat, 13 Oct 2012 09:29:38 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-10-13:/news/systemd-is-now-the-default-on-new-installations/
:: Install medium 2012.10.06 introduces systemd ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/install-medium-20121006-introduces-systemd/ ]
Pierre Schmitz wrote:
The October release of the Arch Linux install medium is available for Download [ https://www.archlinux.org/download/ ] and can be used for new installs or as a rescue system. It contains a set of updated packages and the following notable changes:
* systemd is used to boot up the live system.
* initscripts are no longer available on the live system but are still installed by default on the target system. This is likely to change in the near future.
* EFI boot and setup has been simplified.
* gummiboot is used to display a menu on EFI systems.
* The following new packages are available on the live system: ethtool, fsarchiver, gummiboot-efi, mc, partclone, partimage, refind-efi, rfkill, sudo, testdisk, wget, xl2tpd
Pierre Schmitz Sun, 07 Oct 2012 16:58:03 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-10-07:/news/install-medium-20121006-introduces-systemd/
:: New install medium 2012.09.07 ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/new-install-medium-20120907/ ]
Pierre Schmitz wrote:
As is customary by now there is a new install medium available at the beginning of this month. The live system can be downloaded from Download [ https://www.archlinux.org/download/ ] and be used for new installs or as a rescue system.
In addition to a couple of updated packages and bug fixes the following changes stand out:
* First medium with Linux 3.5 (3.5.3)
* The script boot parameter works again (FS#31022 [ https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/31022 ])
* When booting via PXE and NFS or NBD the ISO will be copied to RAM to ensure a more stable usage.
* The live medium contains usb_modeswitch and wvdial which e.g. allows to establish a network connection using an UMTS USB dongle
* Furthermore the newest versions of initscripts, systemd and netcfg are included.
Pierre Schmitz Sat, 08 Sep 2012 09:48:52 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-09-08:/news/new-install-medium-20120907/
:: Fontconfig 2.10.1 update - manual intervention required ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/fontconfig-2101-update-manual-intervention-required/ ]
Andreas Radke wrote:
The fontconfig 2.10.1 update overwrites symlinks created by the former package version. These symlinks need to be removed before the update:
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/20-unhint-small-vera.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/20-fix-globaladvance.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/29-replace-bitmap-fonts.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/30-metric-aliases.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/30-urw-aliases.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/40-nonlatin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/45-latin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/50-user.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/51-local.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/60-latin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/65-fonts-persian.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/65-nonlatin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/69-unifont.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/80-delicious.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/90-synthetic.conf
pacman -Syu fontconfig
Main systemwide configuration should be done by symlinks (especially for autohinting, sub-pixel and lcdfilter):
cd /etc/fonts/conf.d
ln -s ../conf.avail/XX-foo.conf
Also check Font Configuration [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Font_Configuration ] and Fonts [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fonts ].
Andreas Radke Thu, 06 Sep 2012 13:54:23 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-09-06:/news/fontconfig-2101-update-manual-intervention-required/
:: netcfg-2.8.9 drops deprecated rc.conf compatibility ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/netcfg-289-drops-initscripts-compatibility/ ]
Florian Pritz wrote:
Users of netcfg should configure all interfaces in /etc/conf.d/netcfg rather than /etc/rc.conf.
Florian Pritz Sat, 11 Aug 2012 20:00:02 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-08-11:/news/netcfg-289-drops-initscripts-compatibility/
:: Install media 2012.08.04 available ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/install-media-20120804-available/ ]
Pierre Schmitz wrote:
The August snapshot of our live and install media comes with updated packages and the following changes on top of the previous ISO image [ /news/install-media-20120715-released/ ]:
* GRUB 2.0 instead of the legacy 0.9 version is available.
* The Installation Guide [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide ] can be found at /root/install.txt.
* ZSH with Grml's configuration [ http://grml.org/zsh/ ] is used as interactive shell to provide a user friendly and more convenient environment. This includes completion support for pacstrap, arch-chroot, pacman and most other tools.
* The network daemon is started by default which will automatically setup your network if DHCP is available.
Note that all these changes only affect the live system and not the base system you install using pacstrap. The ISO image can be downloaded from our download page [ /download/ ]. The next snapshot is scheduled for September.
Pierre Schmitz Sat, 04 Aug 2012 17:24:30 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-08-04:/news/install-media-20120804-available/
andy@alba _
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/ ]
The latest and greatest news from the Arch Linux distribution.
en-us Sun, 04 Nov 2012 16:09:46 +0000
:: End of initscripts support ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/end-of-initscripts-support/ ]
Tom Gundersen wrote:
As systemd is now the default init system, Arch Linux is receiving minimal testing on initscripts systems. Due to a lack of resources and interest, we are unlikely to work on fixing initscripts-specific bugs, and may close them as WONTFIX.
We therefore strongly encourage all users to migrate to systemd as soon as possible. See the systemd migration guide [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd ].
To ease the transition, initscripts support will remain in the official repositories for the time being, unless otherwise stated. As of January 2013, we will start removing initscripts support (e.g., rc scripts) from individual packages without further notice.
Tom Gundersen Sun, 04 Nov 2012 16:09:46 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-11-04:/news/end-of-initscripts-support/
:: November release of install media available ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/november-release-of-install-media-available/ ]
Pierre Schmitz wrote:
The latest snapshot of our install and rescue media can be found on our Download [ https://www.archlinux.org/download/ ] page. The 2012.11.01 ISO image mainly contains minor bug fixes, cleanups and new packages compared to the previous one:
* First media with Linux 3.6
* copytoram=n can be used to not copy the image to RAM on network boot. This is probably unreliable but an option for systems with very low memory.
* cowfile_size boot parameter mainly for persistent COW on VFAT. See the README [ https://projects.archlinux.org/archiso.git/plain/docs/README.bootparams?id=v4 ] file for details.
Pierre Schmitz Fri, 02 Nov 2012 17:54:15 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-11-02:/news/november-release-of-install-media-available/
:: Bug Squashing Day: Saturday 17th November ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/bug-squashing-day-saturday-17th-november/ ]
Allan McRae wrote:
The number of bugs in the Arch Linux bug tracker is creeping up so it is time for some extermination.
This is a great way for the community to get involved and help the Arch Linux team. The process is simple. First look at a bug for your favorite piece of software in the bug tracker and check if it still occurs. If it does, check the upstream project for a fix and test it to confirm it works. If there is no fix available, make sure the bug has been filed in the upstream tracker.
Join us on the #archlinux-bugs IRC channel. We are spread across timezones, so people should be around all day.
Allan McRae Thu, 01 Nov 2012 12:28:51 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-11-01:/news/bug-squashing-day-saturday-17th-november/
:: ConsoleKit replaced by logind ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/consolekit-replaced-by-logind/ ]
Allan McRae wrote:
With GNOME 3.6, polkit and networkmanager moving to [extra], ConsoleKit has now been removed from the repositories. Any package that previously depended on it now relies on systemd-logind instead. That means that the system must be booted with systemd to be fully functional.
In addition to GNOME, both KDE and XFCE are also affected by this change.
Allan McRae Tue, 30 Oct 2012 22:17:39 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-10-30:/news/consolekit-replaced-by-logind/
:: systemd is now the default on new installations ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/systemd-is-now-the-default-on-new-installations/ ]
Thomas Bächler wrote:
The base group now contains the systemd-sysvcompat package. This means that all new installations will boot with systemd by default.
As some packages still lack native systemd units, users can install the initscripts package and use the DAEMONS array in /etc/rc.conf to start services using the legacy rc.d scripts.
This change does not affect existing installations. For the time being, the initscripts and sysvinit packages remain available from our repositories. However, individual packages may now start relying on the system being booted with systemd.
Please refer to the wiki [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd ] for how to transition an existing installation to systemd.
Thomas Bächler Sat, 13 Oct 2012 09:29:38 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-10-13:/news/systemd-is-now-the-default-on-new-installations/
:: Install medium 2012.10.06 introduces systemd ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/install-medium-20121006-introduces-systemd/ ]
Pierre Schmitz wrote:
The October release of the Arch Linux install medium is available for Download [ https://www.archlinux.org/download/ ] and can be used for new installs or as a rescue system. It contains a set of updated packages and the following notable changes:
* systemd is used to boot up the live system.
* initscripts are no longer available on the live system but are still installed by default on the target system. This is likely to change in the near future.
* EFI boot and setup has been simplified.
* gummiboot is used to display a menu on EFI systems.
* The following new packages are available on the live system: ethtool, fsarchiver, gummiboot-efi, mc, partclone, partimage, refind-efi, rfkill, sudo, testdisk, wget, xl2tpd
Pierre Schmitz Sun, 07 Oct 2012 16:58:03 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-10-07:/news/install-medium-20121006-introduces-systemd/
:: New install medium 2012.09.07 ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/new-install-medium-20120907/ ]
Pierre Schmitz wrote:
As is customary by now there is a new install medium available at the beginning of this month. The live system can be downloaded from Download [ https://www.archlinux.org/download/ ] and be used for new installs or as a rescue system.
In addition to a couple of updated packages and bug fixes the following changes stand out:
* First medium with Linux 3.5 (3.5.3)
* The script boot parameter works again (FS#31022 [ https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/31022 ])
* When booting via PXE and NFS or NBD the ISO will be copied to RAM to ensure a more stable usage.
* The live medium contains usb_modeswitch and wvdial which e.g. allows to establish a network connection using an UMTS USB dongle
* Furthermore the newest versions of initscripts, systemd and netcfg are included.
Pierre Schmitz Sat, 08 Sep 2012 09:48:52 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-09-08:/news/new-install-medium-20120907/
:: Fontconfig 2.10.1 update - manual intervention required ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/fontconfig-2101-update-manual-intervention-required/ ]
Andreas Radke wrote:
The fontconfig 2.10.1 update overwrites symlinks created by the former package version. These symlinks need to be removed before the update:
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/20-unhint-small-vera.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/20-fix-globaladvance.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/29-replace-bitmap-fonts.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/30-metric-aliases.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/30-urw-aliases.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/40-nonlatin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/45-latin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/50-user.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/51-local.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/60-latin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/65-fonts-persian.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/65-nonlatin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/69-unifont.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/80-delicious.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/90-synthetic.conf
pacman -Syu fontconfig
Main systemwide configuration should be done by symlinks (especially for autohinting, sub-pixel and lcdfilter):
cd /etc/fonts/conf.d
ln -s ../conf.avail/XX-foo.conf
Also check Font Configuration [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Font_Configuration ] and Fonts [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fonts ].
Andreas Radke Thu, 06 Sep 2012 13:54:23 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-09-06:/news/fontconfig-2101-update-manual-intervention-required/
:: netcfg-2.8.9 drops deprecated rc.conf compatibility ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/netcfg-289-drops-initscripts-compatibility/ ]
Florian Pritz wrote:
Users of netcfg should configure all interfaces in /etc/conf.d/netcfg rather than /etc/rc.conf.
Florian Pritz Sat, 11 Aug 2012 20:00:02 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-08-11:/news/netcfg-289-drops-initscripts-compatibility/
:: Install media 2012.08.04 available ::
[ https://www.archlinux.org/news/install-media-20120804-available/ ]
Pierre Schmitz wrote:
The August snapshot of our live and install media comes with updated packages and the following changes on top of the previous ISO image [ /news/install-media-20120715-released/ ]:
* GRUB 2.0 instead of the legacy 0.9 version is available.
* The Installation Guide [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide ] can be found at /root/install.txt.
* ZSH with Grml's configuration [ http://grml.org/zsh/ ] is used as interactive shell to provide a user friendly and more convenient environment. This includes completion support for pacstrap, arch-chroot, pacman and most other tools.
* The network daemon is started by default which will automatically setup your network if DHCP is available.
Note that all these changes only affect the live system and not the base system you install using pacstrap. The ISO image can be downloaded from our download page [ /download/ ]. The next snapshot is scheduled for September.
Pierre Schmitz Sat, 04 Aug 2012 17:24:30 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-08-04:/news/install-media-20120804-available/
andy@alba _
~/.bashrc
# Arch latest news if [ "$PS1" ] && [[ $(ping -c1 www.google.com 2>&-) ]]; then # The characters "£, §" are used as metacharacters. They should not be encountered in a feed... echo -e "$(echo $(curl --silent https://www.archlinux.org/feeds/news/ | sed -e ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g') | \ sed -e 's/&/\&/g s/<\|</</g s/>\|>/>/g s/<\/a>/£/g s/href\=\"/§/g s/<title>/\\n\\n\\n :: \\e[01;31m/g; s/<\/title>/\\e[00m ::\\n/g s/<link>/ [ \\e[01;36m/g; s/<\/link>/\\e[00m ]/g s/<description>/\\n\\n\\e[00;37m/g; s/<\/description>/\\e[00m\\n\\n/g s/<p\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<br\s*\/\?>/\n/g s/<b\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<strong\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[01;30m/g; s/<\/b>\|<\/strong>/\\e[00;37m/g s/<i\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<em\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[41;37m/g; s/<\/i>\|<\/em>/\\e[00;37m/g s/<u\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[4;37m/g; s/<\/u>/\\e[00;37m/g s/<code\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[00m/g; s/<\/code>/\\e[00;37m/g s/<a[^§|t]*§\([^\"]*\)\"[^>]*>\([^£]*\)[^£]*£/\\e[01;31m\2\\e[00;37m \\e[01;34m[\\e[00;37m \\e[04m\1\\e[00;37m\\e[01;34m ]\\e[00;37m/g s/<li\( [^>]*\)\?>/\n \\e[01;34m*\\e[00;37m /g s/<!\[CDATA\[\|\]\]>//g s/\|>\s*<//g s/ *<[^>]\+> */ /g s/[<>£§]//g')\n\n"; fi
一番最新のアイテムだけを表示したい場合は、以下を使用:
# Arch latest news
if [ "$PS1" ] && [[ $(ping -c1 www.google.com 2>&-) ]]; then
# The characters "£, §" are used as metacharacters. They should not be encountered in a feed...
echo -e "$(echo $(curl --silent https://www.archlinux.org/feeds/news/ | awk ' NR == 1 {while ($0 !~ /<\/item>/) {print;getline} sub(/<\/item>.*/,"</item>") ;print}' | sed -e ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g') | \
sed -e 's/&/\&/g
s/<\|</</g
s/>\|>/>/g
s/<\/a>/£/g
s/href\=\"/§/g
s/<title>/\\n\\n\\n :: \\e[01;31m/g; s/<\/title>/\\e[00m ::\\n/g
s/<link>/ [ \\e[01;36m/g; s/<\/link>/\\e[00m ]/g
s/<description>/\\n\\n\\e[00;37m/g; s/<\/description>/\\e[00m\\n\\n/g
s/<p\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<br\s*\/\?>/\n/g
s/<b\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<strong\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[01;30m/g; s/<\/b>\|<\/strong>/\\e[00;37m/g
s/<i\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<em\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[41;37m/g; s/<\/i>\|<\/em>/\\e[00;37m/g
s/<u\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[4;37m/g; s/<\/u>/\\e[00;37m/g
s/<code\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[00m/g; s/<\/code>/\\e[00;37m/g
s/<a[^§|t]*§\([^\"]*\)\"[^>]*>\([^£]*\)[^£]*£/\\e[01;31m\2\\e[00;37m \\e[01;34m[\\e[00;37m \\e[04m\1\\e[00;37m\\e[01;34m ]\\e[00;37m/g
s/<li\( [^>]*\)\?>/\n \\e[01;34m*\\e[00;37m /g
s/<!\[CDATA\[\|\]\]>//g
s/\|>\s*<//g
s/ *<[^>]\+> */ /g
s/[<>£§]//g')\n\n";
fi
カラー表
http://ascii-table.com/ansi-escape-sequences.php のページには様々なカラーエスケープが載っています。以下の Bash 関数はすぐにコピーできるエスケープコードの表を表示します:
~/.bashrc
colors() {
local fgc bgc vals seq0
printf "Color escapes are %s\n" '\e[${value};...;${value}m'
printf "Values 30..37 are \e[33mforeground colors\e[m\n"
printf "Values 40..47 are \e[43mbackground colors\e[m\n"
printf "Value 1 gives a \e[1mbold-faced look\e[m\n\n"
# foreground colors
for fgc in {30..37}; do
# background colors
for bgc in {40..47}; do
fgc=${fgc#37} # white
bgc=${bgc#40} # black
vals="${fgc:+$fgc;}${bgc}"
vals=${vals%%;}
seq0="${vals:+\e[${vals}m}"
printf " %-9s" "${seq0:-(default)}"
printf " ${seq0}TEXT\e[m"
printf " \e[${vals:+${vals+$vals;}}1mBOLD\e[m"
done
echo; echo
done
}
git プロンプトのカラー化
シェルで /usr/share/git/completion/git-prompt.sh を source してください:
~/.bashrc
source /usr/share/git/completion/git-prompt.sh
そして PS1 や PROMPT_COMMAND の中で __git_ps1 を使って下さい。詳しくは Don't Reinvent the Wheel を参照。
参照
全てイチから自力でスタイルを作成したい場合は、以下のページを見ると参考になります:
- フォーラムスレッドに投稿されたサンプルやスクリーンショット: What's your PS1?
- 元の修正が加えられていない Gentoo の
/etc/bash.bashrcファイルは ここ[リンク切れ 2014-08-05] にあります。gentoo-bashrcAUR パッケージも見て下さい。 - tput(1)
- Nice Xresources color schemes collection
- Bash Prompt HOWTO
- Giles Orr's collection of sample prompts
- Bash tips: Colors and formatting