Limineのソースを表示

[[Category:ブートローダー]]
[[en:Limine]]
{{Related articles start}}
{{Related|Arch ブートプロセス}}
{{Related|Master Boot Record}}
{{Related|GUID Partition Table}}
{{Related|Unified Extensible Firmware Interface}}
{{Related articles end}}

[https://limine-bootloader.org Limine] is an advanced multiprotocol x86/x86_64 BIOS and [[UEFI]] [[boot loader]] originally developed as a reference implementation for the [https://github.com/stivale/stivale stivale] boot protocol, but later expanded with the ability to boot Linux as well as chainload other boot loaders.

{{Note|In the entire article {{ic|''esp''}} denotes the mountpoint of the [[EFI system partition]] aka ESP.}}

== サポートされるファイルシステム ==

Limine supports ext2, [[ext3]], [[ext4]], [[FAT12]], [[FAT16]], [[FAT32]], [[NTFS]], ISO9660, and [https://github.com/echfs/echfs echfs].

== インストール ==

{{AUR|limine}} is available as an [[AUR]] package. Installing the package will not deploy the boot loader for usage; it will just install its files and installation program.

== BIOS システム ==

=== MBR vs. GPT ===

Legacy PC BIOS is capable of booting from either [[GPT]] or [[MBR]] partitioned devices. Limine supports both, with a very similar installation procedure. Furthermore, unlike [[GRUB]], it does not require creating an extra partition containing raw data when installing to a GPT partitioned device.

Choosing GPT is beneficial for larger drives as it allows placing partitions further than 2TiB on disk, alongside additional benefits such as partition and disk [[GUID|GUIDs]].

On the other hand, MBR is older and more limited, but it will ensure compatibility with quirky BIOSes which refuse to boot from GPT partitioned media.

=== 導入 ===

After installing the {{AUR|limine}} package, core bootloader files will be installed to {{ic|/usr/share/limine}}; most important for installing to BIOS systems is the {{ic|limine.sys}} file, which contains stage 3 code that Limine needs to boot. This file needs to reside on either the root, or a {{ic|/boot}} directory of any partition on the disk onto which Limine will be deployed, as long as the filesystem is supported.

For example:

 # cp /usr/share/limine/limine.sys /boot/

Once that is done, stage 1 and 2 need to be deployed on disk. This is achieved by means of the {{ic|limine-deploy}} utility, installed as part of the {{AUR|limine}} package. Installation is identical regardless of whether MBR or GPT is used, as {{ic|limine-deploy}} will auto-detect what scheme is used and install itself appropriately.

Run {{ic|limine-deploy}} as such:

 # limine-deploy /dev/sdX

where {{ic|''/dev/sdX''}} is the '''disk''' ('''not a partition''') where Limine is to be installed. For example {{ic|/dev/sda}} or {{ic|/dev/nvme0n1}}. See [[Device file#Block device names]] for a description of the block device naming scheme.

== UEFI システム ==

=== 導入 ===

Deploying Limine on UEFI systems involves copying the {{ic|/usr/share/limine/BOOTX64.EFI}} file to an EFI system partition, usually to {{ic|''esp''/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI}}, but it can be given other filenames, as long as the UEFI BIOS is aware of them (see [[UEFI#efibootmgr]]).

== UEFI+BIOS 起動可能ドライブ ==

As long as a drive is [[GPT]] formatted, and it contains an EFI system partition, it is possible to follow both the BIOS and UEFI deployment procedures in order to create a drive capable of booting on both legacy BIOS as well as UEFI systems. This is useful, for example, for installing an operating system on a USB flash drive which is to be used on multiple systems which may, or may not support UEFI, or to ease moving hard drives across systems.

== 設定 ==

{{AUR|limine}} does not ship a default configuration file, it is therefore necessary to create one. This file is necessary to teach Limine which operating systems are available for boot. The configuration file has a lot of options as Limine allows for a fair degree of customisation. A detailed documentation of the configuration file, its format, and its keys can be found [https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine/blob/trunk/CONFIG.md here].

The configuration file, just like {{ic|limine.sys}}, can reside on either the root, or the {{ic|/boot}} directory of a partition on the drive on which Limine is deployed, as long as the file system of said partition is supported. The configuration file has to be named {{ic|limine.cfg}}

{{Note|In a Limine config, {{ic|boot:///}} represents the partition on which {{ic|limine.cfg}} is located. In case there is no separate {{ic|/boot}} partition, and {{ic|limine.cfg}} resides on the root partition instead, then, in the following example, {{ic|boot:///}} should instead be {{ic|boot:///boot/}}.}}

Here follows a simple example configuration that contains 1 boot menu entry that describes a typical Arch Linux kernel and initramfs:
{{bc|1=
TIMEOUT=5

:Arch Linux

PROTOCOL=linux
KERNEL_PATH=boot:///vmlinuz-linux
CMDLINE=root=UUID=''root-uuid'' rw loglevel=3 quiet
MODULE_PATH=boot:///initramfs-linux.img
}}
where {{ic|''root-uuid''}} is to be replaced with the root filesystem's UUID that can be obtained by running (as root):
{{bc|
blkid -s UUID -o value ''/dev/sdX1''
}}
where {{ic|''/dev/sdX1''}} is the Arch Linux install's root partition. For example {{ic|/dev/sda1}} or {{ic|/dev/nvme0n1p2}}. See [[Device file#Block device names]] for a description of the block device naming scheme.

== pacman フック ==

While not mandatory, it may be useful to set up a [[pacman hook]] to deploy Limine whenever it is upgraded.

The following are just examples. Edit paths and devices to match the system's configuration.

=== BIOS ===

{{Note|Keep in mind that the device paths may change with the addition or removal of devices, moving the installation to different machines, and other factors. This may cause the BIOS hook to accidentally install Limine on an unwanted device.}}
{{hc|/etc/pacman.d/hooks/liminedeploy.hook|2=
[Trigger]
Operation = Upgrade
Type = Package
Target = limine

[Action]
Description = Deploying Limine after upgrade...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /bin/sh -c "limine-deploy ''/dev/sdX'' && cp /usr/share/limine/limine.sys /boot/"
}}

=== UEFI ===

{{hc|/etc/pacman.d/hooks/liminedeploy.hook|2=
[Trigger]
Operation = Upgrade
Type = Package
Target = limine

[Action]
Description = Deploying Limine after upgrade...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/cp /usr/share/limine/BOOTX64.EFI /boot/EFI/BOOT/
}}

== 参照 ==

* [https://limine-bootloader.org Limine's website]
* [https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine Limine's GitHub repository]