Rangerのソースを表示

{{DISPLAYTITLE:ranger}}
[[Category:ファイルマネージャ]]
[[ar:ranger]]
[[en:ranger]]
[[fr:ranger]]
[[zh-CN:ranger]]
{{Related articles start}}
{{Related|Midnight Commander}}
{{Related|vifm}}
{{Related articles end}}
'''ranger''' は Python で書かれているテキストベースのファイルマネージャです。ディレクトリは3つのカラムに分けて表示されます。キーストロークやブックマーク、マウスやコマンド履歴を使ってディレクトリを移動することができます。選択したファイルは自動的にプレビューが表示されディレクトリは中身が表示されます。

ranger の特徴: vi スタイルのキーバインド、ブックマーク、選択、タグ、タブ、コマンド履歴、シンボリックリンクを作成可能、複数あるコンソールモード、タスク表示。''ranger'' のコマンドやキーバインドはカスタマイズすることができ、外部スクリプトを呼び出すこともできます。よく似たファイルマネージャに [[Vifm]] があり、2つのペインと vi スタイルのキーバインドを使用しますが、機能の数はやや劣ります。

== インストール ==

{{Pkg|ranger}} は[[公式リポジトリ]]から[[インストール]]できます。開発版を使いたい場合は [[AUR]] から {{AUR|ranger-git}} をインストールしてください。{{ic|scope.sh}} によるファイルプレビューの使用など、任意の依存パッケージは ranger-git の [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ra/ranger-git/PKGBUILD PKGBUILD] に説明があります。

== 使用方法 ==

ranger を起動するには、まず[[アプリケーション一覧#ターミナルエミュレータ|ターミナル]]を起動して、そこから {{ic|ranger}} を実行してください。

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! キー !! コマンド
|-
| {{ic|?}} || マニュアルを開く
|-
| {{ic|1?}} || キーバインドを表示
|-
| {{ic|2?}} || コマンドを表示
|-
| {{ic|3?}} || 設定を表示
|-
| {{ic|l}}, {{ic|Enter}} || ファイルを起動
|}

== 設定 ==

起動後、''ranger'' は {{ic|~/.config/ranger}} ディレクトリを作成します。デフォルト設定をこのディレクトリにコピーしたいときは次のコマンドを実行してください:

 ranger --copy-config=all

* {{ic|rc.conf}} - スタートアップコマンドとキーバインド
* {{ic|commands.py}} - {{ic|:}} で起動するコマンド
* {{ic|rifle.conf}} - 特定のファイルを起動した時に使われるアプリケーション

{{ic|rc.conf}} only needs to include changes from the default file as both are loaded. For {{ic|commands.py}}, if you do not include the whole file, put this line at the top:

 from ranger.api.commands import *

To add a keybind that moves files to a created directory {{ic|~/.Trash/}} with {{ic|DD}}, add to {{ic|~/.config/ranger/rc.conf}}:

 map DD shell mv -t /home/''user''/.Trash %s

See [http://ranger.nongnu.org/ranger.1.html man ranger] for general configuration.

=== コマンドの定義 ===

Continuing the above example, add the following entry to {{ic|~/.config/ranger/commands.py}} to empty the trash directory {{ic|~/.Trash}}.

{{bc|<nowiki>
class empty(Command):
    """:empty

    Empties the trash directory ~/.Trash
    """

    def execute(self):
        self.fm.run("rm -rf /home/myname/.Trash/{*,.[^.]*}")
</nowiki>}}

To use it, type {{ic|:empty}} and {{ic|Enter}} with tab completion as desired.

{{Warning|{{ic|[^.]}} is an essential part of the above command.  Without it, all files and directories of the form {{ic|..*}} will be deleted, wiping out everything in your home directory.}}

=== Colorscheme ===

{{ic|.config/ranger/colorschemes}} に {{ic|colorschemes}} サブフォルダを作成してください:

 mkdir .config/ranger/colorschemes

then copy your new {{ic|''newscheme''.py}} into that folder. Alter the default color scheme in the {{ic|.config/ranger/rc.conf}} file:

 set colorscheme ''newscheme''

=== ファイルの関連付け ===

Modify {{ic|~/.config/ranger/rifle.conf}}. As the beginning lines are executed first, you should put modifications at the top of the file. For example, the following entry will open a tex file with {{Pkg|kile}}:

 ext tex = kile "$@"

To open all files with {{Pkg|xdg-utils}}:

 has xdg-open, flag f = xdg-open "$1"

== Tips and tricks ==

=== 圧縮ファイル ===

These commands use {{Pkg|atool}} to perform archive operations.

==== Archive extraction ====

The following command implements archive extraction by copying (yy) one or more archive files and then executing {{ic|:extracthere}} on the desired directory.

{{bc|<nowiki>
import os
from ranger.core.loader import CommandLoader

class extracthere(Command):
    def execute(self):
        """ Extract copied files to current directory """
        copied_files = tuple(self.fm.env.copy)

        if not copied_files:
            return

        def refresh(_):
            cwd = self.fm.env.get_directory(original_path)
            cwd.load_content()

        one_file = copied_files[0]
        cwd = self.fm.env.cwd
        original_path = cwd.path
        au_flags = ['-X', cwd.path]
        au_flags += self.line.split()[1:]
        au_flags += ['-e']

        self.fm.env.copy.clear()
        self.fm.env.cut = False
        if len(copied_files) == 1:
            descr = "extracting: " + os.path.basename(one_file.path)
        else:
            descr = "extracting files from: " + os.path.basename(one_file.dirname)
        obj = CommandLoader(args=['aunpack'] + au_flags \
                + [f.path for f in copied_files], descr=descr)

        obj.signal_bind('after', refresh)
        self.fm.loader.add(obj)
</nowiki>}}

==== 圧縮 ====

The following command allows the user to compress several files on the current directory by marking them and then calling {{ic|:compress ''package name''}}. It supports name suggestions by getting the basename of the current directory and appending several possibilities for the extension. You need to have {{pkg|atool}} installed. Otherwise you will see an error message when you create the archive.

{{bc|<nowiki>
import os
from ranger.core.loader import CommandLoader

class compress(Command):
    def execute(self):
        """ Compress marked files to current directory """
        cwd = self.fm.env.cwd
        marked_files = cwd.get_selection()

        if not marked_files:
            return

        def refresh(_):
            cwd = self.fm.env.get_directory(original_path)
            cwd.load_content()

        original_path = cwd.path
        parts = self.line.split()
        au_flags = parts[1:]

        descr = "compressing files in: " + os.path.basename(parts[1])
        obj = CommandLoader(args=['apack'] + au_flags + \
                [os.path.relpath(f.path, cwd.path) for f in marked_files], descr=descr)

        obj.signal_bind('after', refresh)
        self.fm.loader.add(obj)

    def tab(self):
        """ Complete with current folder name """

        extension = ['.zip', '.tar.gz', '.rar', '.7z']
        return ['compress ' + os.path.basename(self.fm.env.cwd.path) + ext for ext in extension]
</nowiki>}}

=== 外付けドライブ ===

External drives can be automatically mounted with [[udev]] or [[udisks]]. Drives mounted under {{ic|/media}} can be easily accessed by pressing {{ic|gm}} (go, media).

=== 画像のマウント ===

The following command assumes you are using [[cdemu]] as your image mounter and some kind of system like [[autofs]] which mounts the virtual drive to a specified location ('/media/virtualrom' in this case). '''Do not forget to change mountpath to reflect your system settings'''.

To mount an image (or images) to a cdemud virtual drive from ranger you select the image files and then type ':mount' on the console. The mounting may actually take some time depending on your setup (in mine it may take as long as one minute) so the command uses a custom loader that waits until the mount directory is mounted and then opens it on the background in tab 9.

{{bc|<nowiki>
import os, time
from ranger.core.loader import Loadable
from ranger.ext.signals import SignalDispatcher
from ranger.ext.shell_escape import *

class MountLoader(Loadable, SignalDispatcher):
    """
    Wait until a directory is mounted
    """
    def __init__(self, path):
        SignalDispatcher.__init__(self)
        descr = "Waiting for dir '" + path + "' to be mounted"
        Loadable.__init__(self, self.generate(), descr)
        self.path = path

    def generate(self):
        available = False
        while not available:
            try:
                if os.path.ismount(self.path):
                    available = True
            except:
                pass
            yield
            time.sleep(0.03)
        self.signal_emit('after')

class mount(Command):
    def execute(self):
        selected_files = self.fm.env.cwd.get_selection()

        if not selected_files:
            return

        space = ' '
        self.fm.execute_command("cdemu -b system unload 0")
        self.fm.execute_command("cdemu -b system load 0 " + \
                space.join([shell_escape(f.path) for f in selected_files]))
 
        mountpath = "/media/virtualrom/"

        def mount_finished(path):
            currenttab = self.fm.current_tab
            self.fm.tab_open(9, mountpath)
            self.fm.tab_open(currenttab)

        obj = MountLoader(mountpath)
        obj.signal_bind('after', mount_finished)
        self.fm.loader.add(obj)
</nowiki>}}

=== New tab in current folder ===

You may have noticed there are two shortcuts for opening a new tab in home ({{ic|g}}{{ic|n}} and {{ic|Ctrl+n}}). Let us rebind {{ic|Ctrl+n}}:
{{hc|rc.conf|<nowiki>
map <c-n>  eval fm.tab_new('%d')
</nowiki>}}

=== Shell tips ===

==== Synchronize path ====

''ranger'' provides a shell [[Bash#Functions|function]] {{ic|/usr/share/doc/ranger/examples/bash_automatic_cd.sh}}. Running {{ic|ranger-cd}} instead of {{ic|ranger}} will automatically ''cd'' to the last browsed folder.

If you launch ranger from a graphical launcher (such as {{ic|$TERMCMD -e ranger}}, where TERMCMD is an X terminal), you cannot use {{ic|ranger-cd}}. Create an executable script:

{{hc|ranger-launcher.sh|<nowiki>
#!/bin/sh
export RANGERCD=true
$TERMCMD
</nowiki>}}

and add at the ''very end'' of your shell configuration:

{{hc|.''shell''rc|<nowiki>
$RANGERCD && unset RANGERCD && ranger-cd
</nowiki>}}

This will launch {{ic|ranger-cd}} only if the {{ic|RANGERCD}} variable is set. It is important to unset this variable again, otherwise launching a subshell from this terminal will automatically relaunch {{ic|ranger}}.

==== ranger からシェルを起動 ====

With the previous method you can switch to a shell in last browsed path simply by leaving ranger. However you may not want to quit ranger for several reasons (numerous opened tabs, copy in progress, etc.).
You can start a shell from ranger ({{ic|S}} by default) without losing your ranger session. Unfortunately, the shell will not switch to the current folder automatically. Again, this can be solved with an executable script:

{{hc|shellcd|<nowiki>
#!/bin/sh
export AUTOCD="$(realpath "$1")"

$SHELL
</nowiki>}}

and - as before - add this to at the very end of your shell configuration:

{{hc|shellrc|<nowiki>
cd "$AUTOCD"
</nowiki>}}

Now you can change your shell binding for ranger:

{{hc|rc.conf|
map S shell shellcd %d
}}

Alternatively, you can make use of your shell history file if it has any. For instance, you could do this for [[zsh#Dirstack|zsh]]:

{{hc|shellcd|<nowiki>
## Prepend argument to zsh dirstack.
BUF="$(realpath "$1")
$(grep -v "$(realpath "$1")" "$ZDIRS")"
echo "$BUF" > "$ZDIRS"

zsh
</nowiki>}}

Change ZDIRS for your dirstack.

==== Start new ranger instance only if it's not running in current shell ====

Put this in your [[Autostarting#Shells|shell's startup file]]:

 rg() {
     if [ -z "$RANGER_LEVEL" ]
     then
         ranger
     else
         exit
     fi
 }

Execute {{ic|rg}} to start or restore ranger.

== トラブルシューティング ==

=== 画像のプレビューでブロックノイズ ===

カラムのボーダーをなくすと画像プレビューでストライプが見えることがあります [https://bbs.linuxdistrocommunity.com/showthread.php?tid=1051]。{{ic|~/.config/ranger/rc.conf}} に以下を設定:

 set draw_borders true

== 参照 ==

* [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=93025 BBS thread]
* [http://dotshare.it/category/fms/ranger/ DotShare.it configurations]
* [http://github.com/hut/ranger GitHub]
* [https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/installing-and-using-ranger-a-terminal-file-manager-on-a-ubuntu-vps Installing and using ranger]
* [https://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/ranger-users Mailing list]
* [http://nongnu.org/ranger Official website]
* [http://bloerg.net/2012/10/17/ranger-file-manager.html Ranger tutorial]