「Bash カラープロンプト」の版間の差分

2015年9月26日 (土) 01:22時点における版

Bash プロンプト (PS1) の可能性は幅広く、カスタマイズすることでコマンドラインでの生産性を向上させることができます。情報を追加したりカラー化することで傑出したプロンプトになります。

このガイドでは通常ユーザーの個人用プロンプトをカスタマイズする方法を紹介します。

変更の適用

(subshell がない) .bashrc に加えた変更は次を実行することで適用されます:

$ source ~/.bashrc

基本のプロンプト

以下の設定は root のプロンプトと root 以外のユーザーを見分けるのに役に立ちます。

通常ユーザー

通常ユーザーの緑のプロンプト:

[chiri@zetsubou ~]$ _

~/.bashrc

#PS1='[\u@\h \W]\$ '  # Default
PS1='\[\e[1;32m\][\u@\h \W]\$\[\e[0m\] '

Root

root の赤のプロンプト (/etc/skel/ からコピーしてない場合は、コピーしてください):

[root@zetsubou ~]# _

/root/.bashrc

#PS1='[\u@\h \W]\$ '  # Default
PS1='\[\e[1;31m\][\u@\h \W]\$\[\e[0m\] '

ちょっとだけオシャレなプロンプト

通常ユーザー

通常ユーザーの緑/青のプロンプト:

chiri ~/docs $ echo "sample output text"
sample output text
chiri ~/docs $ _

PS1='\[\e[0;32m\]\u\[\e[m\] \[\e[1;34m\]\w\[\e[m\] \[\e[1;32m\]\$\[\e[m\] \[\e[1;37m\]'

とても見やすい、明るい白のテキストのコンソールで、カラフルなプロンプトとテーマになります。

上の文字列にはカラーセットのエスケープシーケンス (\[\e[color\]　で始まり \[\e[m\] で終わる) と情報のプレースホルダが含まれています:

\u - ユーザー名。元のプロンプトにある \h はホスト名を表示します。
\w - カレントディレクトリの絶対パス。相対パスを表示するには \W を使います。
\$ - プロンプト記号 (例: root の場合 #、通常ユーザーの場合 $)。
\[ と \] - bash にカーソルを正しく配置する方法を知らせるために、このタグはカラーコードの前後に置きます。

その他の特殊文字については、gnu.org の bash プロンプトのコントロールのウェブページを見て下さい。

最後のカラーセットのシーケンス \[\e[1;37m\] は閉じられていませんが、これは残りのテキスト (ターミナルに入力されたテキストやプログラムの出力など) が明るい白になるようにするためです。出力を元の色で表示するために、この色を変更したり、最後のエスケープシーケンスを削除することが望ましいでしょう。

Root

root の赤/青のプロンプト:

root ~/docs # echo "sample output text"
sample output text
root ~/docs # _

PS1='\[\e[0;31m\]\u\[\e[m\] \[\e[1;34m\]\w\[\e[m\] \[\e[0;31m\]\$ \[\e[m\]\[\e[0;32m\]'

赤色の記号と緑色のコンソールテキストになります。

高度なプロンプト

256色の Load/Mem ステータス

This is not even pushing the limits. Other than using sed to parse the memory and load average (using the -u option for non-buffering), and the builtin history to save your history to your HISTFILE after every command, which you may find incredibly useful when dealing with crashing shells or subshells, this is essentially just making BASH print variables it already knows, making this extremely fast compared to prompts with non-builtin commands.

This prompt is from AskApache.com's BASH Power Prompt article, which goes into greater detail. It is especially helpful for those wanting to understand 256 color terminals, ncurses, termcap, and terminfo.

This is for 256 color terminals, which is where the \033[38;5;22m terminal escapes come from.

802/1024MB      1.28 1.20 1.13 3/94 18563
[5416:17880 0:70] 05:35:50 Wed Apr 21 [srot@host.sqpt.net:/dev/pts/0 +1] ~

(1:70)$ _

PROMPT_COMMAND='history -a;echo -en "\033[m\033[38;5;2m"$(( $(sed -nu "s/MemFree:[\t ]\+\([0-9]\+\) kB/\1/p" /proc/meminfo)/1024))"\033[38;5;22m/"$(($(sed -nu "s/MemTotal:[\t ]\+\([0-9]\+\) kB/\1/Ip" /proc/meminfo)/1024 ))MB"\t\033[m\033[38;5;55m$(< /proc/loadavg)\033[m"'
PS1='\[\e[m\n\e[1;30m\][$$:$PPID \j:\!\[\e[1;30m\]]\[\e[0;36m\] \T \d \[\e[1;30m\][\[\e[1;34m\]\u@\H\[\e[1;30m\]:\[\e[0;37m\]${SSH_TTY} \[\e[0;32m\]+${SHLVL}\[\e[1;30m\]] \[\e[1;37m\]\w\[\e[0;37m\] \n($SHLVL:\!)\$ '

プロンプトと Bash のカラーリスト

以下を Bash ファイルに追加してプロンプトやコマンドの色を定義してください:

txtblk='\e[0;30m' # Black - Regular
txtred='\e[0;31m' # Red
txtgrn='\e[0;32m' # Green
txtylw='\e[0;33m' # Yellow
txtblu='\e[0;34m' # Blue
txtpur='\e[0;35m' # Purple
txtcyn='\e[0;36m' # Cyan
txtwht='\e[0;37m' # White
bldblk='\e[1;30m' # Black - Bold
bldred='\e[1;31m' # Red
bldgrn='\e[1;32m' # Green
bldylw='\e[1;33m' # Yellow
bldblu='\e[1;34m' # Blue
bldpur='\e[1;35m' # Purple
bldcyn='\e[1;36m' # Cyan
bldwht='\e[1;37m' # White
unkblk='\e[4;30m' # Black - Underline
undred='\e[4;31m' # Red
undgrn='\e[4;32m' # Green
undylw='\e[4;33m' # Yellow
undblu='\e[4;34m' # Blue
undpur='\e[4;35m' # Purple
undcyn='\e[4;36m' # Cyan
undwht='\e[4;37m' # White
bakblk='\e[40m'   # Black - Background
bakred='\e[41m'   # Red
bakgrn='\e[42m'   # Green
bakylw='\e[43m'   # Yellow
bakblu='\e[44m'   # Blue
bakpur='\e[45m'   # Purple
bakcyn='\e[46m'   # Cyan
bakwht='\e[47m'   # White
txtrst='\e[0m'    # Text Reset

もしくは、特殊なデコーダリングを使うことなくわかりやすい色の名前を使いたい場合、また、彩度が高い色を使いたい場合:

# Reset
Color_Off='\e[0m'       # Text Reset

# Regular Colors
Black='\e[0;30m'        # Black
Red='\e[0;31m'          # Red
Green='\e[0;32m'        # Green
Yellow='\e[0;33m'       # Yellow
Blue='\e[0;34m'         # Blue
Purple='\e[0;35m'       # Purple
Cyan='\e[0;36m'         # Cyan
White='\e[0;37m'        # White

# Bold
BBlack='\e[1;30m'       # Black
BRed='\e[1;31m'         # Red
BGreen='\e[1;32m'       # Green
BYellow='\e[1;33m'      # Yellow
BBlue='\e[1;34m'        # Blue
BPurple='\e[1;35m'      # Purple
BCyan='\e[1;36m'        # Cyan
BWhite='\e[1;37m'       # White

# Underline
UBlack='\e[4;30m'       # Black
URed='\e[4;31m'         # Red
UGreen='\e[4;32m'       # Green
UYellow='\e[4;33m'      # Yellow
UBlue='\e[4;34m'        # Blue
UPurple='\e[4;35m'      # Purple
UCyan='\e[4;36m'        # Cyan
UWhite='\e[4;37m'       # White

# Background
On_Black='\e[40m'       # Black
On_Red='\e[41m'         # Red
On_Green='\e[42m'       # Green
On_Yellow='\e[43m'      # Yellow
On_Blue='\e[44m'        # Blue
On_Purple='\e[45m'      # Purple
On_Cyan='\e[46m'        # Cyan
On_White='\e[47m'       # White

# High Intensity
IBlack='\e[0;90m'       # Black
IRed='\e[0;91m'         # Red
IGreen='\e[0;92m'       # Green
IYellow='\e[0;93m'      # Yellow
IBlue='\e[0;94m'        # Blue
IPurple='\e[0;95m'      # Purple
ICyan='\e[0;96m'        # Cyan
IWhite='\e[0;97m'       # White

# Bold High Intensity
BIBlack='\e[1;90m'      # Black
BIRed='\e[1;91m'        # Red
BIGreen='\e[1;92m'      # Green
BIYellow='\e[1;93m'     # Yellow
BIBlue='\e[1;94m'       # Blue
BIPurple='\e[1;95m'     # Purple
BICyan='\e[1;96m'       # Cyan
BIWhite='\e[1;97m'      # White

# High Intensity backgrounds
On_IBlack='\e[0;100m'   # Black
On_IRed='\e[0;101m'     # Red
On_IGreen='\e[0;102m'   # Green
On_IYellow='\e[0;103m'  # Yellow
On_IBlue='\e[0;104m'    # Blue
On_IPurple='\e[0;105m'  # Purple
On_ICyan='\e[0;106m'    # Cyan
On_IWhite='\e[0;107m'   # White

シェル環境からコマンドで使うには:

$ echo -e "${txtblu}test"
test
$ echo -e "${bldblu}test"
test
$ echo -e "${undblu}test"
test
$ echo -e "${bakblu}test"
test
$ _

PS1="\[$txtblu\]foo\[$txtred\] bar\[$txtrst\] baz : "

Double quotes enable $color variable expansion and the \[ \] escapes around them make them not count as character positions and the cursor position is not wrong.

ノート: If experiencing premature line wrapping when entering commands, then missing escapes (\[ \]) is most likely the reason.

プロンプトの拡張

man ページには様々な Bash プロンプトエスケープが載っています:

Bash allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a
number of backslash-escaped special characters that are
decoded as follows:

	\a		an ASCII bell character (07)
	\d		the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26")
	\D{format}	the format is passed to strftime(3) and the result
			  is inserted into the prompt string an empty format
			  results in a locale-specific time representation.
			  The braces are required
	\e		an ASCII escape character (033)
	\h		the hostname up to the first `.'
	\H		the hostname
	\j		the number of jobs currently managed by the shell
	\l		the basename of the shell's terminal device name
	\n		newline
	\r		carriage return
	\s		the name of the shell, the basename of $0 (the portion following
			  the final slash)
	\t		the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
	\T		the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
	\@		the current time in 12-hour am/pm format
	\A		the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format
	\u		the username of the current user
	\v		the version of bash (e.g., 2.00)
	\V		the release of bash, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
	\w		the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde
	\W		the basename of the current working directory, with $HOME
			 abbreviated with a tilde
	\!		the history number of this command
	\#		the command number of this command
	\$		if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $
	\nnn		the character corresponding to the octal number nnn
	\\		a backslash
	\[		begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used
			  to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt
	\]		end a sequence of non-printing characters

	The command number and the history number are usually different:
	the history number of a command is its position in the history
	list, which may include commands restored from the history file
	(see HISTORY below), while the command number is the position in
	the sequence of commands executed during the current shell session.
	After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter
	expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
	removal, subject to the value of the promptvars shell option (see
	the description of the shopt command under SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
	below).

カーソルの位置

以下のシーケンスはカーソルの位置をセットします:

\[\033[<row>;<column>f\]

現在のカーソル位置を保存するには:

\[\033[s\]

位置を復元するには、以下のシーケンスを使用:

\[\033[u\]

下の例は、以上のシーケンスを使って右上のコーナーに時計を表示します:

PS1=">\[\033[s\]\[\033[1;\$((COLUMNS-5))f\]\$(date +%H:%M)\[\033[u\]"

環境変数 COLUMNS にはターミナルの列の数が入ります。上の例では COLUMNS から 5 を引いて date の5文字分だけ右端に出力できるように整えています。

戻り値を視覚的に表現

以下のプロンプトを使うことで最後に実行したコマンドの返り値をわかりやすくできます:

;) : true
;) : false
;( :

#return value visualisation
PS1="\$? \$(if [[ \$? == 0 ]]; then echo \"\[\033[0;32m\];)\"; else echo \"\[\033[0;31m\];(\"; fi)\[\033[00m\] : "

Zero は緑のスマイリーで non-zero は赤になります。最後の操作が成功したならばプロンプトは微笑みます。

以下のようにユーザー名とホスト名を含めても良いでしょう:

;) andy@alba ~ $ true
;) andy@alba ~ $ false
;( andy@alba ~ $ _

#return value visualisation
PS1="\[\033[01;37m\]\$? \$(if [[ \$? == 0 ]]; then echo \"\[\033[01;32m\];)\"; else echo \"\[\033[01;31m\];(\"; fi) $(if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]]; then echo '\[\033[01;31m\]\h'; else echo '\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h'; fi)\[\033[01;34m\] \w \$\[\033[00m\] "

また、宜しければ、zero ステータスのときは ✓ ユニコード記号を、nonzero ステータスのときは ✗ ユニコード記号を使ってプロンプトを構築することもできます:

✓ andy@alba ~ $ true
✓ andy@alba ~ $ false
✗ andy@alba ~ $ I\ will\ try\ to\ type\ a\ wrong\ command...
bash: I will try to type a wrong command...: command not found
✗ andy@alba ~ $ _

#return value visualisation
PS1="\[\033[01;37m\]\$? \$(if [[ \$? == 0 ]]; then echo \"\[\033[01;32m\]\342\234\223\"; else echo \"\[\033[01;31m\]\342\234\227\"; fi) $(if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]]; then echo '\[\033[01;31m\]\h'; else echo '\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h'; fi)\[\033[01;34m\] \w \$\[\033[00m\] "

さらに、PROMPT_COMMAND で可読性を向上させることができます:

set_prompt () {
    Last_Command=$? # Must come first!
    Blue='\[\e[01;34m\]'
    White='\[\e[01;37m\]'
    Red='\[\e[01;31m\]'
    Green='\[\e[01;32m\]'
    Reset='\[\e[00m\]'
    FancyX='\342\234\227'
    Checkmark='\342\234\223'

    # Add a bright white exit status for the last command
    PS1="$White\$? "
    # If it was successful, print a green check mark. Otherwise, print
    # a red X.
    if [[ $Last_Command == 0 ]]; then
        PS1+="$Green$Checkmark "
    else
        PS1+="$Red$FancyX "
    fi
    # If root, just print the host in red. Otherwise, print the current user
    # and host in green.
    if [[ $EUID == 0 ]]; then
        PS1+="$Red\\h "
    else
        PS1+="$Green\\u@\\h "
    fi
    # Print the working directory and prompt marker in blue, and reset
    # the text color to the default.
    PS1+="$Blue\\w \\\$$Reset "
}
PROMPT_COMMAND='set_prompt'

以下は non-zero の場合に、エラーステータスだけを含める設定です:

PROMPT_COMMAND='es=$?; [[ $es -eq 0 ]] && unset error || error=$(echo -e "\e[1;41m $es \e[40m")'
PS1="${error} ${PS1}"

Tips and tricks

テキストエントリとコンソールの出力で別の色を使う

If you do not reset the text color at the end of your prompt, both the text you enter and the console text will simply stay in that color. If you want to edit text in a special color but still use the default color for command output, you will need to reset the color after you press Enter, but still before any commands get run. You can do this by installing a DEBUG trap, like this:

~/.bashrc

trap 'printf "\e[0m" "$_"' DEBUG

ログイン時にランダムで名言を表示

褐色の Fortune プロンプトを表示するには、以下を追加:

~/.bashrc

[[ "$PS1" ]] && echo -e "\e[00;33m$(/usr/bin/fortune)\e[00m"

ログイン時に Arch の最新ニュースをカラーで表示

Arch 公式ウェブサイトから最新のニュースアイテム10件を読み込む、小さなカラーの RSS 拡張スクリプト (ユーザー grufo の作品):

   :: Arch Linux: Recent news updates ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/ ]

The latest and greatest news from the Arch Linux distribution.

 en-us Sun, 04 Nov 2012 16:09:46 +0000


   :: End of initscripts support ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/end-of-initscripts-support/ ]


Tom Gundersen wrote:
As systemd is now the default init system, Arch Linux is receiving minimal testing on initscripts systems. Due to a lack of resources and interest, we are unlikely to work on fixing initscripts-specific bugs, and may close them as WONTFIX.
We therefore strongly encourage all users to migrate to systemd as soon as possible. See the systemd migration guide [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd ].
To ease the transition, initscripts support will remain in the official repositories for the time being, unless otherwise stated. As of January 2013, we will start removing initscripts support (e.g., rc scripts) from individual packages without further notice.

 Tom Gundersen Sun, 04 Nov 2012 16:09:46 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-11-04:/news/end-of-initscripts-support/


   :: November release of install media available ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/november-release-of-install-media-available/ ]


Pierre Schmitz wrote:
The latest snapshot of our install and rescue media can be found on our Download [ https://www.archlinux.org/download/ ] page. The 2012.11.01 ISO image mainly contains minor bug fixes, cleanups and new packages compared to the previous one:
 * First media with Linux 3.6
 * copytoram=n can be used to not copy the image to RAM on network boot. This is probably unreliable but an option for systems with very low memory.
 * cowfile_size boot parameter mainly for persistent COW on VFAT. See the README [ https://projects.archlinux.org/archiso.git/plain/docs/README.bootparams?id=v4 ] file for details.

 Pierre Schmitz Fri, 02 Nov 2012 17:54:15 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-11-02:/news/november-release-of-install-media-available/


   :: Bug Squashing Day: Saturday 17th November ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/bug-squashing-day-saturday-17th-november/ ]


Allan McRae wrote:
The number of bugs in the Arch Linux bug tracker is creeping up so it is time for some extermination.
This is a great way for the community to get involved and help the Arch Linux team. The process is simple. First look at a bug for your favorite piece of software in the bug tracker and check if it still occurs. If it does, check the upstream project for a fix and test it to confirm it works. If there is no fix available, make sure the bug has been filed in the upstream tracker.
Join us on the #archlinux-bugs IRC channel. We are spread across timezones, so people should be around all day.

 Allan McRae Thu, 01 Nov 2012 12:28:51 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-11-01:/news/bug-squashing-day-saturday-17th-november/


   :: ConsoleKit replaced by logind ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/consolekit-replaced-by-logind/ ]


Allan McRae wrote:
With GNOME 3.6, polkit and networkmanager moving to [extra], ConsoleKit has now been removed from the repositories. Any package that previously depended on it now relies on systemd-logind instead. That means that the system must be booted with systemd to be fully functional.
In addition to GNOME, both KDE and XFCE are also affected by this change.

 Allan McRae Tue, 30 Oct 2012 22:17:39 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-10-30:/news/consolekit-replaced-by-logind/


   :: systemd is now the default on new installations ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/systemd-is-now-the-default-on-new-installations/ ]


Thomas Bächler wrote:
The base group now contains the systemd-sysvcompat package. This means that all new installations will boot with systemd by default.
As some packages still lack native systemd units, users can install the initscripts package and use the DAEMONS array in /etc/rc.conf to start services using the legacy rc.d scripts.
This change does not affect existing installations. For the time being, the initscripts and sysvinit packages remain available from our repositories. However, individual packages may now start relying on the system being booted with systemd.
Please refer to the wiki [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd ] for how to transition an existing installation to systemd.

 Thomas Bächler Sat, 13 Oct 2012 09:29:38 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-10-13:/news/systemd-is-now-the-default-on-new-installations/


   :: Install medium 2012.10.06 introduces systemd ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/install-medium-20121006-introduces-systemd/ ]


Pierre Schmitz wrote:
The October release of the Arch Linux install medium is available for Download [ https://www.archlinux.org/download/ ] and can be used for new installs or as a rescue system. It contains a set of updated packages and the following notable changes:
 * systemd is used to boot up the live system.
 * initscripts are no longer available on the live system but are still installed by default on the target system. This is likely to change in the near future.
 * EFI boot and setup has been simplified.
 * gummiboot is used to display a menu on EFI systems.
 * The following new packages are available on the live system: ethtool, fsarchiver, gummiboot-efi, mc, partclone, partimage, refind-efi, rfkill, sudo, testdisk, wget, xl2tpd

 Pierre Schmitz Sun, 07 Oct 2012 16:58:03 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-10-07:/news/install-medium-20121006-introduces-systemd/


   :: New install medium 2012.09.07 ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/new-install-medium-20120907/ ]


Pierre Schmitz wrote:
As is customary by now there is a new install medium available at the beginning of this month. The live system can be downloaded from Download [ https://www.archlinux.org/download/ ] and be used for new installs or as a rescue system.
In addition to a couple of updated packages and bug fixes the following changes stand out:
 * First medium with Linux 3.5 (3.5.3)
 * The script boot parameter works again (FS#31022 [ https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/31022 ])
 * When booting via PXE and NFS or NBD the ISO will be copied to RAM to ensure a more stable usage.
 * The live medium contains usb_modeswitch and wvdial which e.g. allows to establish a network connection using an UMTS USB dongle
 * Furthermore the newest versions of initscripts, systemd and netcfg are included.

 Pierre Schmitz Sat, 08 Sep 2012 09:48:52 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-09-08:/news/new-install-medium-20120907/


   :: Fontconfig 2.10.1 update - manual intervention required ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/fontconfig-2101-update-manual-intervention-required/ ]


Andreas Radke wrote:
The fontconfig 2.10.1 update overwrites symlinks created by the former package version. These symlinks need to be removed before the update:

rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/20-unhint-small-vera.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/20-fix-globaladvance.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/29-replace-bitmap-fonts.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/30-metric-aliases.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/30-urw-aliases.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/40-nonlatin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/45-latin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/50-user.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/51-local.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/60-latin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/65-fonts-persian.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/65-nonlatin.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/69-unifont.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/80-delicious.conf
rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/90-synthetic.conf
pacman -Syu fontconfig

Main systemwide configuration should be done by symlinks (especially for autohinting, sub-pixel and lcdfilter):

cd /etc/fonts/conf.d
ln -s ../conf.avail/XX-foo.conf

Also check Font Configuration [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Font_Configuration ] and Fonts [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fonts ].

 Andreas Radke Thu, 06 Sep 2012 13:54:23 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-09-06:/news/fontconfig-2101-update-manual-intervention-required/


   :: netcfg-2.8.9 drops deprecated rc.conf compatibility ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/netcfg-289-drops-initscripts-compatibility/ ]


Florian Pritz wrote:
Users of netcfg should configure all interfaces in /etc/conf.d/netcfg rather than /etc/rc.conf.

 Florian Pritz Sat, 11 Aug 2012 20:00:02 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-08-11:/news/netcfg-289-drops-initscripts-compatibility/


   :: Install media 2012.08.04 available ::
 [ https://www.archlinux.org/news/install-media-20120804-available/ ]


Pierre Schmitz wrote:
The August snapshot of our live and install media comes with updated packages and the following changes on top of the previous ISO image [ /news/install-media-20120715-released/ ]:
 * GRUB 2.0 instead of the legacy 0.9 version is available.
 * The Installation Guide [ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide ] can be found at /root/install.txt.
 * ZSH with Grml's configuration [ http://grml.org/zsh/ ] is used as interactive shell to provide a user friendly and more convenient environment. This includes completion support for pacstrap, arch-chroot, pacman and most other tools.
 * The network daemon is started by default which will automatically setup your network if DHCP is available.
Note that all these changes only affect the live system and not the base system you install using pacstrap. The ISO image can be downloaded from our download page [ /download/ ]. The next snapshot is scheduled for September.

 Pierre Schmitz Sat, 04 Aug 2012 17:24:30 +0000 tag:www.archlinux.org,2012-08-04:/news/install-media-20120804-available/


andy@alba _

~/.bashrc

# Arch latest news
if [ "$PS1" ] && [[ $(ping -c1 www.google.com 2>&-) ]]; then
	# The characters "£, §" are used as metacharacters. They should not be encountered in a feed...
	echo -e "$(echo $(curl --silent https://www.archlinux.org/feeds/news/ | sed -e ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g') | \
		sed -e 's/&amp;/\&/g
		s/&lt;\|&#60;/</g
		s/&gt;\|&#62;/>/g
		s/<\/a>/£/g
		s/href\=\"/§/g
		s/<title>/\\n\\n\\n   :: \\e[01;31m/g; s/<\/title>/\\e[00m ::\\n/g
		s/<link>/ [ \\e[01;36m/g; s/<\/link>/\\e[00m ]/g
		s/<description>/\\n\\n\\e[00;37m/g; s/<\/description>/\\e[00m\\n\\n/g
		s/<p\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<br\s*\/\?>/\n/g
		s/<b\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<strong\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[01;30m/g; s/<\/b>\|<\/strong>/\\e[00;37m/g
		s/<i\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<em\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[41;37m/g; s/<\/i>\|<\/em>/\\e[00;37m/g
		s/<u\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[4;37m/g; s/<\/u>/\\e[00;37m/g
		s/<code\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[00m/g; s/<\/code>/\\e[00;37m/g
		s/<a[^§|t]*§\([^\"]*\)\"[^>]*>\([^£]*\)[^£]*£/\\e[01;31m\2\\e[00;37m \\e[01;34m[\\e[00;37m \\e[04m\1\\e[00;37m\\e[01;34m ]\\e[00;37m/g
		s/<li\( [^>]*\)\?>/\n \\e[01;34m*\\e[00;37m /g
		s/<!\[CDATA\[\|\]\]>//g
		s/\|>\s*<//g
		s/ *<[^>]\+> */ /g
		s/[<>£§]//g')\n\n";
fi

一番最新のアイテムだけを表示したい場合は、以下を使用:

# Arch latest news
if [ "$PS1" ] && [[ $(ping -c1 www.google.com 2>&-) ]]; then
	# The characters "£, §" are used as metacharacters. They should not be encountered in a feed...
	echo -e "$(echo $(curl --silent https://www.archlinux.org/feeds/news/ | awk ' NR == 1 {while ($0 !~ /<\/item>/) {print;getline} sub(/<\/item>.*/,"</item>") ;print}' | sed -e ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g') | \
		sed -e 's/&amp;/\&/g
		s/&lt;\|&#60;/</g
		s/&gt;\|&#62;/>/g
		s/<\/a>/£/g
		s/href\=\"/§/g
		s/<title>/\\n\\n\\n   :: \\e[01;31m/g; s/<\/title>/\\e[00m ::\\n/g
		s/<link>/ [ \\e[01;36m/g; s/<\/link>/\\e[00m ]/g
		s/<description>/\\n\\n\\e[00;37m/g; s/<\/description>/\\e[00m\\n\\n/g
		s/<p\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<br\s*\/\?>/\n/g
		s/<b\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<strong\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[01;30m/g; s/<\/b>\|<\/strong>/\\e[00;37m/g
		s/<i\( [^>]*\)\?>\|<em\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[41;37m/g; s/<\/i>\|<\/em>/\\e[00;37m/g
		s/<u\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[4;37m/g; s/<\/u>/\\e[00;37m/g
		s/<code\( [^>]*\)\?>/\\e[00m/g; s/<\/code>/\\e[00;37m/g
		s/<a[^§|t]*§\([^\"]*\)\"[^>]*>\([^£]*\)[^£]*£/\\e[01;31m\2\\e[00;37m \\e[01;34m[\\e[00;37m \\e[04m\1\\e[00;37m\\e[01;34m ]\\e[00;37m/g
		s/<li\( [^>]*\)\?>/\n \\e[01;34m*\\e[00;37m /g
		s/<!\[CDATA\[\|\]\]>//g
		s/\|>\s*<//g
		s/ *<[^>]\+> */ /g
		s/[<>£§]//g')\n\n";
fi

カラー表

http://ascii-table.com/ansi-escape-sequences.php のページには様々なカラーエスケープが載っています。以下の Bash 関数はすぐにコピーできるエスケープコードの表を表示します:

~/.bashrc

colors() {
	local fgc bgc vals seq0

	printf "Color escapes are %s\n" '\e[${value};...;${value}m'
	printf "Values 30..37 are \e[33mforeground colors\e[m\n"
	printf "Values 40..47 are \e[43mbackground colors\e[m\n"
	printf "Value  1 gives a  \e[1mbold-faced look\e[m\n\n"

	# foreground colors
	for fgc in {30..37}; do
		# background colors
		for bgc in {40..47}; do
			fgc=${fgc#37} # white
			bgc=${bgc#40} # black

			vals="${fgc:+$fgc;}${bgc}"
			vals=${vals%%;}

			seq0="${vals:+\e[${vals}m}"
			printf "  %-9s" "${seq0:-(default)}"
			printf " ${seq0}TEXT\e[m"
			printf " \e[${vals:+${vals+$vals;}}1mBOLD\e[m"
		done
		echo; echo
	done
}

git プロンプトのカラー化

シェルで /usr/share/git/completion/git-prompt.sh を source してください:

~/.bashrc

source /usr/share/git/completion/git-prompt.sh

そして PS1 や PROMPT_COMMAND の中で __git_ps1 を使って下さい。詳しくは Don't Reinvent the Wheel を参照。

参照

全てイチから自力でスタイルを作成したい場合は、以下のページを見ると参考になります:

フォーラムスレッドに投稿されたサンプルやスクリーンショット: What's your PS1?
元の修正が加えられていない Gentoo の /etc/bash.bashrc ファイルはここ^{[リンク切れ 2014-08-05]} にあります。gentoo-bashrc^AUR パッケージも見て下さい。
tput(1)
- tput reference on bash-hackers.org
- Colours and Cursor Movement With tput
Nice Xresources color schemes collection
Bash Prompt HOWTO
Giles Orr's collection of sample prompts
Bash tips: Colors and formatting

@@ 9行目: / 9行目: @@
 {{Related articles start}}
 {{Related|Bash}}
-{{Related3|Environment variables|環境変数}}
+{{Related|環境変数}}
 {{Related articles end}}
 [[Bash]] プロンプト (PS1) の可能性は幅広く、カスタマイズすることでコマンドラインでの生産性を向上させることができます。情報を追加したりカラー化することで傑出したプロンプトになります。
@@ 283行目: / 283行目: @@
 下の例は、以上のシーケンスを使って右上のコーナーに時計を表示します:
-{{bc|<nowiki>PS1="&gt;\[\033[s\]\[\033[1;\$((COLUMNS-4))f\]\$(date +%H:%M)\[\033[u\]"</nowiki>}}
+{{bc|<nowiki>PS1="&gt;\[\033[s\]\[\033[1;\$((COLUMNS-5))f\]\$(date +%H:%M)\[\033[u\]"</nowiki>}}
-環境変数 {{ic|COLUMNS}} にはターミナルの列の数が入ります。上の例では {{ic|COLUMNS}} から ''4'' を引いて {{ic|date}} の5文字分だけ右端に出力できるように整えています。
+環境変数 {{ic|COLUMNS}} にはターミナルの列の数が入ります。上の例では {{ic|COLUMNS}} から ''5'' を引いて {{ic|date}} の5文字分だけ右端に出力できるように整えています。
 === 戻り値を視覚的に表現 ===
@@ 357行目: / 357行目: @@
 If you do not reset the text color at the end of your prompt, both the text you enter and the console text will simply stay in that color. If you want to edit text in a special color but still use the default color for command output, you will need to reset the color after you press {{ic|Enter}}, but still before any commands get run. You can do this by installing a DEBUG trap, like this:
-{{hc|~/.bashrc|
+{{hc|~/.bashrc|<nowiki>trap 'printf "\e[0m" "$_"' DEBUG</nowiki>}}
-<nowiki>trap 'echo -ne "\e[0m"' DEBUG</nowiki>}}
 === ログイン時にランダムで名言を表示 ===
@@ 475行目: / 474行目: @@
 * フォーラムスレッドに投稿されたサンプルやスクリーンショット: [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=50885 What's your PS1?]
-* 元の''修正が加えられていない'' Gentoo の {{ic|/etc/bash.bashrc}} ファイルは [http://www.jeremysands.com/archlinux/gentoo-bashrc-2008.0 ここ]{{Dead link|2014|08|05}} にあります。[[AUR|AUR]] の {{AUR|gentoo-bashrc}} パッケージも見て下さい。
+* 元の''修正が加えられていない'' Gentoo の {{ic|/etc/bash.bashrc}} ファイルは [http://www.jeremysands.com/archlinux/gentoo-bashrc-2008.0 ここ]{{Dead link|2014|08|05}} にあります。{{AUR|gentoo-bashrc}} パッケージも見て下さい。
 * tput(1)
 ** [http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/scripting/terminalcodes tput reference on bash-hackers.org]

「Bash カラープロンプト」の版間の差分

2015年9月26日 (土) 01:22時点における版

目次

変更の適用

基本のプロンプト

通常ユーザー

Root

ちょっとだけオシャレなプロンプト

通常ユーザー

Root

高度なプロンプト

256色の Load/Mem ステータス

プロンプトと Bash のカラーリスト

プロンプトの拡張

カーソルの位置

戻り値を視覚的に表現

Tips and tricks

テキストエントリとコンソールの出力で別の色を使う

ログイン時にランダムで名言を表示

ログイン時に Arch の最新ニュースをカラーで表示

カラー表

git プロンプトのカラー化

参照

案内メニュー

個人用ツール

名前空間

変種

表示

その他

検索

案内

交流

ツール

他言語版