「Msmtp」の版間の差分

提供: ArchWiki
ナビゲーションに移動 検索に移動
(en:msmtpへの転送ページ)
 
1行目: 1行目:
  +
{{Lowercase title}}
−
#redirect[[en:msmtp]]
  
  +
[[Category:メールクライアント]]
  +
[[Category:メールサーバー]]
  +
[[en:Msmtp]]
  +
{{Related articles start}}
  +
{{Related|mutt}}
  +
{{Related|OfflineIMAP}}
  +
{{Related articles end}}
  +
  +
[http://msmtp.sourceforge.net/ msmtp] はとてもシンプルで使いやすい SMTP クライアントです。[[Wikipedia:sendmail|sendmail]] と完全な互換性があります。
  +
  +
== インストール ==
  +
  +
msmtp は {{Pkg|msmtp}} パッケージで[[インストール]]できます。さらに {{Pkg|msmtp-mta}} をインストールすることで msmtp に sendmail エイリアスが作成されます。
  +
  +
== 基本設定 ==
  +
  +
以下は msmtp の設定例です (パッケージに含まれている、{{ic|/usr/share/doc/msmtp/msmtprc-user.example}} にある通常ユーザーのサンプルが基になっています。システム設定ファイルは {{ic|/etc/msmtprc}} にあり、サンプルは {{ic|/usr/share/doc/msmtp/msmtprc-system.example}}) にあります):
  +
  +
{{hc|~/.msmtprc|
  +
# Set default values for all following accounts.
  +
defaults
  +
auth on
  +
tls on
  +
tls_trust_file /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
  +
logfile ~/.msmtp.log
  +
  +
# Gmail
  +
account gmail
  +
host smtp.gmail.com
  +
port 587
  +
from ''username''@gmail.com
  +
user ''username''
  +
password ''plain-text-password''
  +
  +
# A freemail service
  +
account freemail
  +
host smtp.freemail.example
  +
from joe_smith@freemail.example
  +
...
  +
  +
# Set a default account
  +
account default : gmail
  +
}}
  +
  +
{{Note|SSL/TLS を使っていて "Server sent empty reply" エラーメッセージが表示される場合、[[#Server sent empty reply]] を見て下さい。}}
  +
  +
The ''user'' configuration file must be explicitly readable/writeable to only it's owner or msmtp will fail:
  +
  +
$ chmod 600 ~/.msmtprc
  +
  +
To avoid saving the password in plain text in the configuration file, use ''passwordeval'' to launch an external program. This example using Gnu PG is commonly used to perform decryption of a password:
  +
  +
echo -e "password\n" | gpg --encrypt -o .msmtp-gmail.gpg # enter id (email...)
  +
  +
{{Warning |Most shells save command history(e.g. .bash_history .zhistory). To avoid this use gpg with shell stdin:
  +
<code>gpg --encrypt -o .msmtp-gmail.gpg -r <email> -</code>. The ending dash is not a typo, rather it causes gpg to use stdin. After running that snippet of code, type in your password, press enter, and press Control-d so gpg can encrypt your password.}}
  +
  +
{{hc|~/.msmtprc|
  +
passwordeval "gpg --quiet --for-your-eyes-only --no-tty --decrypt ~/.msmtp-gmail.gpg"
  +
}}
  +
  +
== mail コマンドを使う ==
  +
  +
{{ic|mail}} コマンドを使ってメールを送信するには {{Pkg|s-nail}} パッケージをインストールする必要があります。{{Pkg|msmtp-mta}} をインストールするか {{ic|/etc/mail.rc}} を編集して sendmail クライアントを設定してください:
  +
  +
{{hc|/etc/mail.rc|2=set sendmail=/usr/bin/msmtp}}
  +
  +
A {{ic|.msmtprc}} file will need to be in the home of every user who want to send mail or alternatively the system wide {{ic|/etc/msmtprc}} can be used.
  +
  +
msmtp also understands aliases. Add the following line to the defaults section of msmtprc or your local configuration file:
  +
  +
{{hc|/etc/msmtprc|2=aliases /etc/aliases}}
  +
  +
and create an aliases file in {{ic|/etc}}
  +
  +
{{hc|/etc/aliases|2=# Example aliases file
  +
  +
# Send root to Joe and Jane
  +
root: joe_smith@example.com, jane_chang@example.com
  +
  +
# Send everything else to admin
  +
default: admin@domain.example}}
  +
  +
== 動作のテスト ==
  +
  +
アカウントオプション ({{ic|1=--account=,-a}} で送信元として使用するアカウントを指定します:
  +
  +
$ echo "hello there username." | msmtp -a default ''username''@domain.com
  +
  +
もしくは、ファイルにアドレスを書いて使用するには:
  +
  +
To: ''username''@domain.com
  +
From: ''username''@gmail.com
  +
Subject: A test
  +
  +
Hello there.
  +
  +
$ cat test.mail | msmtp -a default <username>@domain.com
  +
  +
{{Tip|If using Gmail you'll need to allow "Less Secure Apps" in ''Settings'' > ''Security''. Make sure to sign out of your other Gmail accounts first because the security settings part of Google Accounts can not manage concurrent sessions of more than one account.}}
  +
  +
== Cronie のデフォルトメールクライアント ==
  +
  +
{{Pkg|cronie}} で sendmail ではなく msmtp を使うようにするには、{{Pkg|msmtp-mta}} をインストールするか、{{ic|cronie.service}} systemd ユニットを編集してください:
  +
  +
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/cronie.service.d/msmtp.conf|[Service]
  +
ExecStart&#61;
  +
ExecStart&#61;/usr/bin/crond -n -m '/usr/bin/msmtp -t'}}
  +
  +
Then you must tell cronie or msmtp what your email address is, either by:
  +
  +
# Add to {{ic|/etc/msmtprc}}: {{bc|aliases /etc/aliases}} and create {{ic|/etc/aliases}}: {{bc|your_username: email@address.com}}&mdash; OR &mdash;.
  +
* Add a {{ic|MAILTO}} line to the crontab: {{bc|MAILTO&#61;email@address.com}}
  +
  +
== Tips and tricks ==
  +
  +
=== 実践的なパスワードの管理 ===
  +
  +
The {{Ic|password}} directive may be omitted. In that case, if the account in question has {{Ic|auth}} set to a legitimate value other than {{Ic|off}}, invoking msmtp from an interactive shell will ask for the password before sending mail. msmtp will not prompt if it has been called by another type of application, such as [[Mutt]].
  +
There is a solution for such cases: the {{ic|--passwordeval}} parameter.
  +
You can call msmtp to use an external keyring tool like gpg:
  +
{{bc|msmtp --passwordeval 'gpg -d mypwfile.gpg'}}
  +
If gpg prompt for the passphrase cannot be issued (e.g. when called from Mutt) then start the [[GPG#gpg-agent|gpg-agent]] before.
  +
  +
A simple hack to start the agent is to execute a external command in your muttrc.
  +
{{Note| Mutt uses the backtick {{ic| ` command ` }} syntax to execute external commands}}
  +
  +
For example, you can put something like the following in your muttrc
  +
  +
{{hc|muttrc|set my_msmtp_pass&#61;`gpg -d mypwfile.gpg`}}
  +
  +
Mutt will execute this when it starts, gpg-agent will cache your password, msmtp will be happy and you can send mail.
  +
{{Note| If you do this, you will have to restart mutt after gpg-agent clears the password to start sending emails again}}
  +
  +
If you cannot use a keyring tool for any reason, you may want to use the password directly. There is a patched version {{AUR|msmtp-pwpatched}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|msmtp-pwpatched}}}} in the AUR that provides the {{ic|--password}} parameter. Note that it is a '''huge security flaw''', since any user connected to you machine can see the parameter of any command (in the /proc filesystem for example).
  +
  +
If this is not desired, an alternative is to place passwords in {{ic|~/.netrc}}, a file that can act as a common pool for msmtp, [[OfflineIMAP]], and associated tools.
  +
  +
===msmtp をオフラインで使う===
  +
  +
Although msmtp is great, it requires that you be online to use it. This isn't ideal for people on laptops with intermittent connections to the Internet or dialup users. Several scripts have been written to remedy this fact, collectively called msmtpqueue.
  +
  +
The scripts are installed under {{ic|/usr/share/doc/msmtp/msmtpqueue}}. You might want to copy the scripts to a convenient location on your computer, ({{ic|/usr/local/bin}} is a good choice).
  +
  +
Finally, change your MUA to use msmtp-enqueue.sh instead of msmtp when sending e-mail. By default, queued messages will be stored in {{ic|~/.msmtpqueue}}. To change this location, change the {{ic|QUEUEDIR&#61;$HOME/.msmtpqueue}} line in the scripts (or delete the line, and export the QUEUEDIR variable in {{ic|.bash_profile}} like so: {{ic|export QUEUEDIR&#61;"$XDG_DATA_HOME/msmtpqueue"}}).
  +
  +
When you want to send any mail that you've created and queued up run:
  +
$ /usr/local/bin/msmtp-runqueue.sh
  +
  +
Adding {{ic|/usr/local/bin}} to your PATH can save you some keystrokes if you're doing it manually. The README file that comes with the scripts has some handy information, reading it is recommended.
  +
  +
===Vim のシンタックスハイライト===
  +
The msmtp source distribution includes a {{ic|msmtprc}} highlighting script for [[Vim]]. Install it from {{ic|./scripts/vim/msmtp.vim}}.
  +
  +
===msmtp を使って PHP でメールを送信===
  +
Look for ''sendmail_path'' option in your {{ic|php.ini}} and edit like this:
  +
{{bc|1=
  +
sendmail_path = "/usr/bin/msmtp -C /path/to/your/config -t"
  +
}}
  +
  +
Note that you '''can not''' use a user configuration file (ie: one under ~/) if you plan on using msmtp as a sendmail replacement with php or something similar.
  +
In that case just create /etc/msmtprc, and remove your user configuration (or not if you plan on using it for something else). Also make sure it's readable by whatever you're using it with (php, django, etc...)
  +
  +
From the msmtp manual: ''Accounts defined in the user configuration file override accounts from the system configuration file. The user configuration file must have no more permissions than user read/write''
  +
  +
So it's impossible to have a conf file under ~/ and have it still be readable by the php user.
  +
  +
To test it place this file in your php enabled server or using php-cli.
  +
{{bc|
  +
<?php
  +
mail("your@email.com", "Test email from PHP", "msmtp as sendmail for PHP");
  +
?>
  +
}}
  +
  +
==トラブルシューティング==
  +
===TLS の問題===
  +
以下のエラーメッセージが表示される場合:
  +
msmtp: TLS certificate verification failed: the certificate hasn't got a known issuer
  +
おそらく tls_trust_file が正しくありません。
  +
  +
Just follow the [http://msmtp.sourceforge.net/doc/msmtp.html#Transport-Layer-Security fine manual]. It explains you how to find out the server certificate issuer of a given smtp server. Then you can explore the {{ic|/usr/share/ca-certificates/}} directory to find out if by any chance, the certificate you need is there. If not, you will have to get the certificate on your own. If you are using your own certificate, you can make msmtp trust it by adding the following to your {{ic|~/.msmtprc}}:
  +
  +
tls_fingerprint <SHA1 (recommended) or MD5 fingerprint of the certificate>
  +
  +
If you are trying to send mail through GMail and are receiving this error, have a look at [http://www.mail-archive.com/msmtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net/msg00141.html this] thread or just use the second GMail example above.
  +
  +
If you are completely desperate, but are 100% sure you are communicating with the right server, you can always temporarily disable the cert check:
  +
$ msmtp --tls-certcheck off
  +
  +
If you see the following message:
  +
msmtp: TLS handshake failed: the operation timed out
  +
You may be affected by this [https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/44994 bug]. Recompile with "--with-ssl=openssl" (msmtp is compiled with GnuTLS by default).
  +
  +
===Server sent empty reply===
  +
"server sent empty reply" エラーが表示される場合、以下の行を {{ic|~/.msmtprc}} に追加してください:
  +
  +
tls_starttls off
  +
  +
This allows msmtp to use SSL/TLS (port 465) in place of STARTTLS (port 587) [https://www.fastmail.com/help/technical/ssltlsstarttls.html].
  +
  +
===GSSAPI の問題===
  +
  +
If you get the following error
  +
  +
GNU SASL: GSSAPI error in client while negotiating security context in gss_init_sec_context() in SASL library. This is most likely due insufficient credentials or malicious interactions.
  +
  +
Try changing your auth setting to plain, instead of gssapi in your .msmtprc file [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=138727]:
  +
  +
auth plain

2015年12月18日 (金) 22:12時点における版

関連記事

msmtp はとてもシンプルで使いやすい SMTP クライアントです。sendmail と完全な互換性があります。

インストール

msmtp は msmtp パッケージでインストールできます。さらに msmtp-mta をインストールすることで msmtp に sendmail エイリアスが作成されます。

基本設定

以下は msmtp の設定例です (パッケージに含まれている、/usr/share/doc/msmtp/msmtprc-user.example にある通常ユーザーのサンプルが基になっています。システム設定ファイルは /etc/msmtprc にあり、サンプルは /usr/share/doc/msmtp/msmtprc-system.example) にあります): 

~/.msmtprc
# Set default values for all following accounts.
defaults
auth           on
tls            on
tls_trust_file /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
logfile        ~/.msmtp.log

# Gmail
account        gmail
host           smtp.gmail.com
port           587
from           username@gmail.com
user           username
password       plain-text-password

# A freemail service
account        freemail
host           smtp.freemail.example
from           joe_smith@freemail.example
...

# Set a default account
account default : gmail
ノート: SSL/TLS を使っていて "Server sent empty reply" エラーメッセージが表示される場合、#Server sent empty reply を見て下さい。

The user configuration file must be explicitly readable/writeable to only it's owner or msmtp will fail: 

$ chmod 600 ~/.msmtprc

To avoid saving the password in plain text in the configuration file, use passwordeval to launch an external program. This example using Gnu PG is commonly used to perform decryption of a password: 

 echo -e "password\n" | gpg --encrypt -o .msmtp-gmail.gpg # enter id (email...)
警告: Most shells save command history(e.g. .bash_history .zhistory). To avoid this use gpg with shell stdin: gpg --encrypt -o .msmtp-gmail.gpg -r <email> -. The ending dash is not a typo, rather it causes gpg to use stdin. After running that snippet of code, type in your password, press enter, and press Control-d so gpg can encrypt your password.
~/.msmtprc
passwordeval    "gpg --quiet --for-your-eyes-only --no-tty --decrypt ~/.msmtp-gmail.gpg"

mail コマンドを使う

mail コマンドを使ってメールを送信するには s-nail パッケージをインストールする必要があります。msmtp-mta をインストールするか /etc/mail.rc を編集して sendmail クライアントを設定してください: 

/etc/mail.rc
set sendmail=/usr/bin/msmtp

A .msmtprc file will need to be in the home of every user who want to send mail or alternatively the system wide /etc/msmtprc can be used.

msmtp also understands aliases. Add the following line to the defaults section of msmtprc or your local configuration file: 

/etc/msmtprc
aliases               /etc/aliases

and create an aliases file in /etc 

/etc/aliases
# Example aliases file
     
# Send root to Joe and Jane
root: joe_smith@example.com, jane_chang@example.com
   
# Send everything else to admin
default: admin@domain.example

動作のテスト

アカウントオプション (--account=,-a で送信元として使用するアカウントを指定します: 

$ echo "hello there username." | msmtp -a default username@domain.com

もしくは、ファイルにアドレスを書いて使用するには: 

To: username@domain.com
From: username@gmail.com
Subject: A test

Hello there.

$ cat test.mail | msmtp -a default <username>@domain.com
ヒント: If using Gmail you'll need to allow "Less Secure Apps" in Settings > Security. Make sure to sign out of your other Gmail accounts first because the security settings part of Google Accounts can not manage concurrent sessions of more than one account.

Cronie のデフォルトメールクライアント

cronie で sendmail ではなく msmtp を使うようにするには、msmtp-mta をインストールするか、cronie.service systemd ユニットを編集してください: 

/etc/systemd/system/cronie.service.d/msmtp.conf
[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/crond -n -m '/usr/bin/msmtp -t'

Then you must tell cronie or msmtp what your email address is, either by:

  1. Add to /etc/msmtprc: 
    aliases /etc/aliases
    and create /etc/aliases: 
    your_username: email@address.com
    — OR —.
  • Add a MAILTO line to the crontab: 
    MAILTO=email@address.com

Tips and tricks

実践的なパスワードの管理

The password directive may be omitted. In that case, if the account in question has auth set to a legitimate value other than off, invoking msmtp from an interactive shell will ask for the password before sending mail. msmtp will not prompt if it has been called by another type of application, such as Mutt. There is a solution for such cases: the --passwordeval parameter. You can call msmtp to use an external keyring tool like gpg: 

msmtp --passwordeval 'gpg -d mypwfile.gpg'

If gpg prompt for the passphrase cannot be issued (e.g. when called from Mutt) then start the gpg-agent before.

A simple hack to start the agent is to execute a external command in your muttrc.

ノート: Mutt uses the backtick ` command ` syntax to execute external commands

For example, you can put something like the following in your muttrc 

muttrc
set my_msmtp_pass=`gpg -d mypwfile.gpg`

Mutt will execute this when it starts, gpg-agent will cache your password, msmtp will be happy and you can send mail.

ノート: If you do this, you will have to restart mutt after gpg-agent clears the password to start sending emails again

If you cannot use a keyring tool for any reason, you may want to use the password directly. There is a patched version msmtp-pwpatchedAUR[リンク切れ: アーカイブ: aur-mirror] in the AUR that provides the --password parameter. Note that it is a huge security flaw, since any user connected to you machine can see the parameter of any command (in the /proc filesystem for example).

If this is not desired, an alternative is to place passwords in ~/.netrc, a file that can act as a common pool for msmtp, OfflineIMAP, and associated tools.

msmtp をオフラインで使う

Although msmtp is great, it requires that you be online to use it. This isn't ideal for people on laptops with intermittent connections to the Internet or dialup users. Several scripts have been written to remedy this fact, collectively called msmtpqueue.

The scripts are installed under /usr/share/doc/msmtp/msmtpqueue. You might want to copy the scripts to a convenient location on your computer, (/usr/local/bin is a good choice).

Finally, change your MUA to use msmtp-enqueue.sh instead of msmtp when sending e-mail. By default, queued messages will be stored in ~/.msmtpqueue. To change this location, change the QUEUEDIR=$HOME/.msmtpqueue line in the scripts (or delete the line, and export the QUEUEDIR variable in .bash_profile like so: export QUEUEDIR="$XDG_DATA_HOME/msmtpqueue").

When you want to send any mail that you've created and queued up run: 

$ /usr/local/bin/msmtp-runqueue.sh

Adding /usr/local/bin to your PATH can save you some keystrokes if you're doing it manually. The README file that comes with the scripts has some handy information, reading it is recommended.

Vim のシンタックスハイライト

The msmtp source distribution includes a msmtprc highlighting script for Vim. Install it from ./scripts/vim/msmtp.vim.

msmtp を使って PHP でメールを送信

Look for sendmail_path option in your php.ini and edit like this: 

sendmail_path = "/usr/bin/msmtp -C /path/to/your/config -t"

Note that you can not use a user configuration file (ie: one under ~/) if you plan on using msmtp as a sendmail replacement with php or something similar. In that case just create /etc/msmtprc, and remove your user configuration (or not if you plan on using it for something else). Also make sure it's readable by whatever you're using it with (php, django, etc...)

From the msmtp manual: Accounts defined in the user configuration file override accounts from the system configuration file. The user configuration file must have no more permissions than user read/write

So it's impossible to have a conf file under ~/ and have it still be readable by the php user.

To test it place this file in your php enabled server or using php-cli. 

<?php
mail("your@email.com", "Test email from PHP", "msmtp as sendmail for PHP");
?>

トラブルシューティング

TLS の問題

以下のエラーメッセージが表示される場合: 

 msmtp: TLS certificate verification failed: the certificate hasn't got a known issuer

おそらく tls_trust_file が正しくありません。

Just follow the fine manual. It explains you how to find out the server certificate issuer of a given smtp server. Then you can explore the /usr/share/ca-certificates/ directory to find out if by any chance, the certificate you need is there. If not, you will have to get the certificate on your own. If you are using your own certificate, you can make msmtp trust it by adding the following to your ~/.msmtprc: 

tls_fingerprint <SHA1 (recommended) or MD5 fingerprint of the certificate>

If you are trying to send mail through GMail and are receiving this error, have a look at this thread or just use the second GMail example above.

If you are completely desperate, but are 100% sure you are communicating with the right server, you can always temporarily disable the cert check: 

$ msmtp --tls-certcheck off

If you see the following message: 

 msmtp: TLS handshake failed: the operation timed out

You may be affected by this bug. Recompile with "--with-ssl=openssl" (msmtp is compiled with GnuTLS by default).

Server sent empty reply

"server sent empty reply" エラーが表示される場合、以下の行を ~/.msmtprc に追加してください: 

tls_starttls off

This allows msmtp to use SSL/TLS (port 465) in place of STARTTLS (port 587) [1].

GSSAPI の問題

If you get the following error 

GNU SASL: GSSAPI error in client while negotiating security context in gss_init_sec_context() in SASL library.  This is most likely due insufficient credentials or malicious interactions.

Try changing your auth setting to plain, instead of gssapi in your .msmtprc file [2]: 

auth plain
「https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php?title=Msmtp&oldid=4403」から取得