インストールガイド

提供: ArchWiki
2012年11月12日 (月) 23:43時点におけるimported>Hizuruによる版
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テンプレート:TranslationStatus (日本語) このドキュメントは、Arch Install Scriptsを使ってArch Linuxをインストールする過程を案内するものです。インストールの前に、FAQに目を通しておくことをお勧めします。

Arch wikiのコミュニティは優れたものであり、まず、問題があれば参考にされます。しかし、答えがどこでも見つけられない場合もあり、その場合は、IRCチャンネル (irc://irc.freenode.net/#archlinux) や、forumsも用意されています。また、使い慣れていないコマンドはman commandでmanページを参照しましょう。

Download

Download the new Arch Linux ISO from the Arch Linux download page.

  • A single image is provided which can be booted into an i686 and x86_64 live system to install Arch Linux over the network. Media containing the [core] repository are no longer provided.
  • Install images are signed and it is highly recommend to verify their signature before use. On Arch Linux, this can be done by using 
    pacman-key -v <iso-file>.sig
  • The image can be burned to a CD, mounted as an ISO file, or directly written to a USB stick using a utility like dd. It is intended for new installations only; an existing Arch Linux system can always be updated with pacman -Syu.

Keyboard layout

For many countries and keyboard types appropriate keymaps are available already, and a command like loadkeys uk might do what you want. More available keymap files can be found in /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/ (you can omit the keymap path and file extension when using loadkeys).

Partition disks

See partitioning for details.

Remember to create any stacked block devices like LVM, LUKS, or RAID.

Format the partitions

See File Systems for details.

If you are using (U)EFI you will most probably need another partition to host the UEFI System partition. Read Create an UEFI System Partition in Linux.

Mount the partitions

We now must mount the root partition on /mnt. You should also create directories for and mount any other partitions (/mnt/boot, /mnt/home, ...) if you want them to be detected by genfstab.

Connect to the internet

A DHCP service is already enabled for all available devices. If you need to setup a static IP or use management tools such as Netcfg, you should stop this service first: systemctl stop dhcpcd.service. For more information read configuring network.

Wireless

Run wifi-menu to set up your wireless network. For details, see Wireless Setup and Netcfg.

Install the base system

Before installing, you may want to edit /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist such that your preferred mirror is first. This copy of the mirrorlist will be installed on your new system by pacstrap as well, so it's worth getting it right.

Using the pacstrap script we install the base system. The base-devel package group should also be installed if you plan on compiling software from the AUR or using ABS. 

# pacstrap /mnt base base-devel

Other packages can be installed by appending their names to the above command (space seperated), including the bootloader if you want.

Install a bootloader

GRUB

  • For BIOS:
# arch-chroot /mnt pacman -S grub-bios
  • For EFI (in rare cases you will need grub-efi-i386 instead):
# arch-chroot /mnt pacman -S /mnt grub-efi-x86_64

Syslinux

# arch-chroot /mnt pacman -S syslinux

Configure the system

Generate an fstab with the following command (if you prefer to use UUIDs or labels, add the -U or -L option, respectively): 

# genfstab -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

Next we chroot into our newly installed system: 

# arch-chroot /mnt
  • Write your hostname to /etc/hostname.
  • Symlink /etc/localtime to /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone. Replace Zone and Subzone to your liking. For example:
# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Athens /etc/localtime
  • Set locale preferences in /etc/locale.conf.
  • Add console keymap and font preferences in /etc/vconsole.conf
  • Uncomment the selected locale in /etc/locale.gen and generate it with locale-gen.
  • Configure /etc/mkinitcpio.conf as needed (see mkinitcpio) and create an initial RAM disk with:
# mkinitcpio -p linux
  • Configure the bootloader: refer back to the appropriate article from the bootloader installation section.
  • Set a root password with passwd.

Unmount and reboot

If you are still in the chroot environment type exit or press テンプレート:Keypress in order to exit. Earlier we mounted the partitions under /mnt. In this step we will unmount them: 

# umount /mnt/{boot,home,}

Now reboot and then login into the new system with the root account.

Configure pacman

Edit /etc/pacman.conf and configure pacman's options, also enabling the repositories you need.

See Pacman and Official Repositories for details.

Update the system

At this point you should update your system.

See Upgrading packages for instructions.

Add a user

Finally, add a normal user as described in User management.

Your new Arch Linux base system is now a functional GNU/Linux environment: you can proceed to Beginners' Guide/Extra for customization suggestions.

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