CUPS/プリンター共有
CUPS では他のシステムとのプリンタ共有を設定することができます。以下では一般的な設定例を説明しています。
GNU/Linux システム間
CUPS を GNU/Linux 印刷サーバーにセットアップした場合、他の GNU/Linux システムとプリンターを共有する方法としては比較的簡単なウェブインターフェイスを使うことが推奨されますが、手動で設定することもできます。
cupsd を再起動する前に avahi-daemon を実行する必要があります。
クライアントマシンでは Avahi の .local ホスト名解決を有効にする必要があります。有効にしていないと、クライアントは "Unable to locate printer" というエラーを表示して印刷ができません。詳しくは avahi#ホスト名の解決 を見て下さい。
ウェブインターフェイスを使う
Access http://localhost:631 with a browser and the CUPS administration home page will be displayed.
Click on the Administration tab near the top, select the add printer option and it should automatically detect the connected printer. If not, try turning off the printer and then back on before another attempt.
Once the printer has been set up, look under the Server heading and click the checkbox for "Share printers connected to this system". Now, conclude by clicking change settings and the server will automatically restart.
Selecting "Edit Configuration File" allows making direct edits to the cups.conf file. This is useful for allowing server access only to certain users or IP addresses, as the example shown below.
手動セットアップ
On the server computer (the one directly connected to the printer) simply open up /etc/cups/cupsd.conf and allow access to the server by modifying the location lines. For instance:
<Location /> Order allow,deny Allow localhost Allow 192.168.0.* </Location>
Also make sure the server is listening on the IP address the client will be addressing. Add the following line after "# Listen <serverip>:631" (using the server's IP address instead of client's 192.168.0.100):
Listen 192.168.0.101:631
To "Show shared printers on the local network" make sure you have the Browsing directive enabled:
Browsing On
After making modifications, restart CUPS.
On the client system, open up (create if not present) /etc/cups/client.conf and add the ServerName to match the IP address or the name of the server. Add this line:
ServerName 192.168.0.101
There are more configuration possibilities, including automatic methods, which are described in detail in http://localhost:631/help/network.html
After making modifications, restart CUPS.
CUPS 1.5.x 以下のサーバーで CUPS 1.6.x クライアントを使う
As of CUPS version 1.6, the client defaults to IPP 2.0. If the server uses CUPS <= 1.5 / IPP <= 1.1, the client does not downgrade the protocol automatically and thus cannot communicate with the server. A workaround (undocumented as of 2013-05-07, but see this bug report) is to put the following in /etc/cups/client.conf:
ServerName HOSTNAME-OR-IP-ADDRESS[:PORT]/version=1.1
GNU/Linux と Windows
Linux サーバー - Windows クライアント
IPP で共有
The preferred way to connect a Windows client to a Linux print server is using IPP. It is a standard printer protocol based on HTTP, allowing you all ways to profit from port forwarding, tunneling etc. The configuration is very easy and this way is less error-prone than using Samba. IPP is natively supported by Windows since Windows 2000.
To configure the server side proceed as described in the section above to enable browsing.
On the Windows computer, go to the printer control panel and choose to 'Add a New Printer'. Next, choose to give a URL. For the URL, type in the location of the printer:
http://host_ip_address:631/printers/printer_name
(where host_ip_address is the GNU/Linux server's IP address and printer_name is the name of the printer being connected to, you can also use the server's fully qualified domain name, if it has one, but you may need to set ServerAlias my_fully_qualified_domain_name in cupsd.conf for this to work).
After this, install the native printer drivers for your printer on the Windows computer. If the CUPS server is set up to use its own printer drivers, then you can just select a generic postscript printer for the Windows client(e.g. 'HP Color LaserJet 8500 PS' or 'Xerox DocuTech 135 PS2'). Then test the print setup by printing a test page.
Samba で共有
If your client's Windows version is below Windows 2000 or if you experienced troubles with IPP you can also use Samba for sharing. Note of course that with Samba this involves another complex piece of software. This makes this way more difficult to configure and thus sometimes also more error-prone, mostly due to authentication problems.
To configure Samba on the Linux server, edit /etc/samba/smb.conf file to allow access to printers. File smb.conf can look something like this:
/etc/samba/smb.conf
[global]
workgroup=Heroes
server string=Arch Linux Print Server
security=user
[printers]
comment=All Printers
path=/var/spool/samba
browseable=yes
# to allow user 'guest account' to print.
guest ok=no
writable=no
printable=yes
create mode=0700
write list=@adm root yourusername
That should be enough to share the printer, yet adding an individual printer entry may be desirable:
/etc/samba/smb.conf
[ML1250]
comment=Samsung ML-1250 Laser Printer
printer=ml1250
path=/var/spool/samba
printing=cups
printable=yes
printer admin=@admin root yourusername
user client driver=yes
# to allow user 'guest account' to print.
guest ok=no
writable=no
write list=@adm root yourusername
valid users=@adm root yourusername
Please note that this assumes configuration was made so that users must have a valid account to access the printer. To have a public printer, set guest ok to yes, and remove the valid users line. To add accounts, set up a regular GNU/Linux account and then set up a Samba password on the server. For instance:
# useradd yourusername # smbpasswd -a yourusername
After this, restart the Samba daemon.
Obviously, there are a lot of tweaks and customizations that can be done with setting up a Samba print server, so it is advised to look at the Samba and CUPS documentation for more help. The smb.conf.example file also has some good samples that might warrant imitating.
Windows サーバー - Linux クライアント
LPD で共有
Windows 7 has a built-in LPD server - using it will probably be the easiest approach as it does neither require an installation of Samba on the client nor heavy configuration on the server. It can be activated in the Control Panel under Programs -> Activate Windows functions in the section Print services. The printer must have shared activated in its properties. Use a share name without any special characters like spaces, commas, etc.
Then the printer can be added in CUPS, choosing LPD protocol. The printer address will look like this:
# lpd://windowspc/printersharename
Before adding the printer, you will most likely have to install an appropriate printer driver depending on your printer model. Generic PostScript or RAW drivers might also work.
IPP で共有
As above, IPP is also the preferred protocol for printer sharing. However this way might be a bit more difficult than the native Samba approach below, since you need a greater effort to set up an IPP-Server on Windows. The commonly chosen server software is Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS).
Samba で共有
A much simpler way is using Window's native printer sharing via Samba. There is almost no configuration needed, and all of it can be done from the CUPS Backend. As above noted, if there are any problems the reason is mostly related to authentication trouble and Windows access restrictions.
On the server side enable sharing for your desired printer and ensure that the user on the client machine has the right to access the printer.
The following section describes how to set up the client, assuming that both daemons (cupsd and smbd) are running.
ウェブインターフェイスを使って設定
The Samba CUPS back-end is enabled by default, if for any reason it is not activate it by entering the following command and restarting CUPS.
# ln -s $(which smbspool) /usr/lib/cups/backend/smb
Next, simply log in on the CUPS web interface and choose to add a new printer. As a device choose "Windows Printer via SAMBA".
For the device location, enter:
smb://username:password@hostname/printer_name
Or without a password:
smb://username@hostname/printer_name
Make sure that the user actually has access to the printer on the Windows computer and select the appropriate drivers. If the computer is located on a domain, make sure the user-name includes the domain:
smb://username:password@domain/hostname/printer_name
If the network contains many printers you might want to set a preferred printer. To do so use the web interface, go into the printer tab, choose the desired printer and select 'Set as default' from the drop-down list.
手動設定
For manual configuration stop the CUPS daemon and add your printer to /etc/cups/printers.conf, which might for example look like this
/etc/cups/printers.conf
<DefaultPrinter MyPrinter> AuthInfoRequired username,password Info My printer via SAMBA Location In my Office MakeModel Samsung ML-1250 - CUPS+Gutenprint v5.2.7 # <= use 'lpinfo -m' to list available models DeviceURI smb://username:password@hostname/printer_name # <= server URI as described in previous section State Idle Type 4 Accepting Yes Shared No JobSheets none none QuotaPeriod 0 PageLimit 0 KLimit 0 AllowUser yourusername # <= do not forget to change this OpPolicy default ErrorPolicy stop-printer </Printer>
Then restart the CUPS daemon an try to print a test page.
To set the preferred printer use the following command
# lpoptions -d desired_default_printer_name
トラブルシューティング
If there are any problems, the first thing to do is enable debug information by setting
LogLevel debug
in /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.
Then restart the CUPS daemon and check for error messages in /var/log/cups/error_log. A convenient way to do so is
# tail -f /var/log/cups/error_log
which keeps printing new error messages as they occur.
Note: You can also use the web interface to browse this error file.
GTK アプリケーションで印刷できない
gtk アプリケーションから印刷しようとすると "getting printer information failed" と表示される場合、/etc/hosts に次の行を追加してください:
# serverip some.name.org ServersHostname
他のオペレーティングシステム
他の印刷システムと CUPS を繋げる方法の詳細は CUPS マニュアルにあります。例: http://localhost:631/sam.html#PRINTING_OTHER