64ビット環境に32ビット環境をインストールのソースを表示

[[Category:Arch の入手とインストール]]
[[cs:Install bundled 32-bit system in 64-bit system]]
[[en:Install bundled 32-bit system in 64-bit system]]
[[fr:Install environnement 32 sur un systeme 64]]
[[zh-cn:Install bundled 32-bit system in 64-bit system]]
この記事では32ビットのアプリケーションを動作させる一つの方法を説明しています。multilib リポジトリから lib32-* ライブラリをインストールする代わりに32ビットのアプリケーションを分離させます。この方法では "chroot 監獄" を作成して32ビットのアプリを管理します。

{{Tip|1=Xyne has created a package that installs a minimalist 32-bit chroot as described below. See [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=97629] and [http://xyne.archlinux.ca/projects/arch32-light] for details.}}

== インストール ==

1. ディレクトリを作成:

 # mkdir /opt/arch32

2. chroot 用に一時的な [[pacman]] の設定ファイルを作成:

 # sed -e 's/\$arch/i686/g' /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist > /opt/arch32/mirrorlist
 # sed -e 's@/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist@/opt/arch32/mirrorlist@g' -e '/Architecture/ s,auto,i686,'  /etc/pacman.conf > /opt/arch32/pacman.conf

*These files would conflict with the normal pacman files, which will be installed in the later steps.
*For this reason they must be put ''into'' a temporary location ({{ic|/opt/arch32}} is used here).
*Remember to delete/comment the multilib repo, if you have enabled it, in the {{ic|/opt/arch32/pacman.conf}} file

3. ディレクトリを作成:

 # mkdir -p /opt/arch32/var/{cache/pacman/pkg,lib/pacman}

4. pacman を同期:

 # pacman --root /opt/arch32 --cachedir /opt/arch32/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config /opt/arch32/pacman.conf -Sy

5. base グループと任意で base-devel グループをインストール:

 # pacman --root /opt/arch32 --cachedir /opt/arch32/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config /opt/arch32/pacman.conf -S base base-devel

Optionally add your favorite text editor and distcc if you plan to compile within the chroot with other machines:

 # pacman --root /opt/arch32 --cachedir /opt/arch32/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config /opt/arch32/pacman.conf -S base base-devel sudo vim distcc

Optionally move the pacman mirror list into place:

 # mv /opt/arch32/mirrorlist /opt/arch32/etc/pacman.d

=== 設定 ===

重要な設定ファイルをコピーしてください:

 # for i in passwd* shadow* group* sudoers resolv.conf localtime locale.gen vimrc mtab inputrc profile.d/locale.sh; do cp -p /etc/"$i" /opt/arch32/etc/; done

Remember to define the correct the number of MAKEFLAGS and other vars in {{ic|/opt/arch32/etc/makepkg.conf}} before attempting to build.

=== デーモンと systemd サービス ===
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/arch32.service|<nowiki>
[Unit]
Description=32-bit chroot

[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/arch32 start
ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/arch32 stop

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</nowiki>}}

{{hc|/usr/local/bin/arch32|<nowiki>
#!/bin/bash

## User variables.
MOUNTPOINT=/opt/arch32

## Set MANAGEPARTITION to any value if /opt/arch32 resides on a separate
## partition and not mounted by /etc/fstab or some other means.
## If /opt/arch32 is part of your rootfs, leave this empty.
MANAGEPARTITION=

## Leave USEDISTCC empty unless you wish to use distccd from within the chroot.
USEDISTCC=
DISTCC_SUBNET='10.9.8.0/24'

## PIDFILE shouldn't need to ba changed from this default.
PIDFILE=/run/arch32

start_distccd() {
	[[ ! -L "$MOUNTPOINT"/usr/bin/distccd-chroot ]] &&
		ln -s /usr/bin/distccd "$MOUNTPOINT"/usr/bin/distccd-chroot 
	DISTCC_ARGS="--user nobody --allow $DISTCC_SUBNET --port 3692 --log-level warning --log-file /tmp/distccd-i686.log"

	[[ -z "$(pgrep distccd-chroot)" ]] &&
		linux32 chroot "$MOUNTPOINT" /bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/distccd-chroot --daemon $DISTCC_ARGS"
}

stop_distccd() {
	[[ -n "$(pgrep distccd-chroot)" ]] &&
		linux32 chroot "$MOUNTPOINT" /bin/bash -c "pkill -SIGTERM distccd-chroot"
}

case $1 in
	start)
		[[ -f "$PIDFILE" ]] && exit 1

		if [[ -n "$MANAGEPARTITION" ]]; then
			mountpoint -q $MOUNTPOINT || mount LABEL="arch32" $MOUNTPOINT
		fi

		dirs=(/tmp /dev /dev/pts /home)
		for d in "${dirs[@]}"; do
			mount -o bind $d "$MOUNTPOINT"$d
		done

		mount -t proc none "$MOUNTPOINT/proc"
		mount -t sysfs none "$MOUNTPOINT/sys"
		touch "$PIDFILE"
		[[ -n "$USEDISTCC" ]] && start_distccd
		;;

	stop)
		[[ ! -f "$PIDFILE" ]] && exit 1
		[[ -n "$USEDISTCC" ]] && stop_distccd

		if [[ -n "$MANAGEPARTITION" ]]; then
			umount -R -A -l "$MOUNTPOINT"
		else
			dirs=(/home /dev/pts /dev /tmp)
			[[ -n "$USEDISTCC" ]] && stop_distccd
			umount "$MOUNTPOINT"/{sys,proc}
			for d in "${dirs[@]}"; do
				umount -l "$MOUNTPOINT$d"
			done
		fi
		
		rm -f "$PIDFILE"
		;;
	*)
		echo "usage: $0 (start|stop)"
		exit 1
esac
</nowiki>}}

初期化スクリプトに実行可能属性を付与してください:
 # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/arch32

{{ic|arch32.service}} を[[起動]]・[[有効化]]してください。

== 設定 ==

新しい環境に chroot:

 # /usr/local/bin/arch32 start
 $ xhost +SI:localuser:username_to_give_access_to
 # chroot /opt/arch32

It is recommended to use a custom bash prompt inside the 32-bit chroot installation in order to differentiate from the regular system. You can, for example, add a ''ARCH32'' string to the ''PS1'' variable defined in {{ic|~/.bashrc}}.  In fact, the default Debian .bashrc prompt string contains appropriate logic to report whether the working directory is within a chroot.

=== 初期設定 ===

ロケールの問題を修正:

 # /usr/bin/locale-gen

pacman を初期化:

 # sed -i 's/CheckSpace/#CheckSpace/' /etc/pacman.conf
 # pacman-key --init && pacman-key --populate archlinux

== Schroot ==

{{Pkg|schroot}} をネイティブの'''64ビット'''環境に[[pacman|インストール]]:

{{ic|/etc/schroot/schroot.conf}} を編集して ''[Arch32]'' セクションを作成して下さい。

 [Arch32]
 type=directory
 profile=arch32
 description=Arch32
 directory=/opt/arch32
 users=user1,user2,user3
 groups=users
 root-groups=root
 personality=linux32
 aliases=32,default

Optionally edit {{ic|/etc/schroot/arch32/mount}} to match the mounts created within {{ic|/usr/local/bin/arch32}}.

=== Schroot を使って32ビットのアプリケーションを実行 ===

The general syntax for calling an application ''inside'' the chroot is:

 # schroot -p -- htop

In this example, htop is called from within the 32-bit environment.

== トラブルシューティング ==

=== コンパイルとインストール ===

Ensure the desired options are set in the local {{ic|/etc/makepkg.conf}}.

Some packages may require a {{ic|--host}} flag be added to the ./configure script in the PKBUILD:

 $ ./configure --host="i686-pc-linux" ...

This is the case when the build makes use of values (for example, the output of the {{ic|uname}} command) inherited from your base system.

===ビデオ問題===

If you get:

 X Error of failed request: BadLength (poly request too large or internal Xlib length error)

while trying to run an application that requires video acceleration, make sure you have installed appropriate [[video drivers]] in your chroot.

=== Flash の音声 ===

To get sound from the flash player in Firefox, open a terminal and chroot inside the 32-bit system:

 # chroot /opt/arch32

From there, install {{Pkg|alsa-oss}} as usual with [[pacman]].

Then type:

 $ export FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"

Every chroot into the 32-bit system will require this export command to be entered so it may be best to incorporate it into a script.

Finally, launch Firefox.

For [[Wine]] this works the same way. The package alsa-oss will also install the alsa libs required by [[Wine]] to output sound.

== Tips and tricks ==

=== chroot の Java ===

See [[Java]]. After installation, adjust the path:

 $ export PATH="/opt/java/bin/:$PATH"

=== 32ビットアプリケーションから64ビットの PulseAudio にアクセス ===

Additional paths have to be bind-mounted to the chroot environment:

 # mount --bind /var/run /opt/arch32/var/run
 # mount --bind /var/lib/dbus /opt/arch32/var/lib/dbus

Unmount them when leaving the environment:

 # umount /opt/arch32/var/run
 # umount /opt/arch32/var/lib/dbus

Optionally add the commands to the {{ic|/usr/local/bin/arch32}} script after the other bind-mount/umount commands. See [[PulseAudio/Examples#PulseAudio_from_within_a_chroot_.28e.g._32-bit_chroot_in_64-bit_install.29|PulseAudio from within a chroot]] for details

=== Firefox の音声 ===

Create {{ic|/usr/bin/firefox32}} as root:

 #!/bin/sh
 schroot -p firefox $1;export FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"

Make it executable:

 # chmod +x /usr/bin/firefox32

Now you can make an alias for Firefox, if desired:

 alias firefox="firefox32"

Add this to {{ic|~/.bashrc}} and source it to enable it. Or you can just change all your desktop environment's launchers to firefox32 if you still want 64-bit Firefox to be available.

=== 3D アクセラレーション ===

You need to install the corresponding package under your "native" arch for 3D support. 

For information on how to set up your graphic adapter refer to:

* [[ATI]]
* [[Intel]]
* [[NVIDIA]]

=== Wine ===

In order to compile wine, you need a 32-bit system installed. Compiling wine is needed for applying patches in order to get [http://art.ified.ca/?page_id=40 PulseAudio] working. See also {{AUR|wine-hacks}} from AUR.

Add the following alias to {{ic|~/.bashrc}}:

 alias wine='schroot -pqd "$(pwd)" -- wine'

The {{ic|-q}} switch makes schroot operate in quiet mode, so it works like "regular" wine does. Also note that If you still use dchroot instead of schroot, you should use switch {{ic|-d}} instead of {{ic|-s}}.

=== 印刷 ===

{{note|If you have a 64-bit base installation with a [[Install_bundled_32-bit_system_in_Arch64|32-bit chroot environment]], explicit installation of CUPS is not necessary in the 32-bit environment.}} 

To access installed CUPS printers from the chroot environment, one needs to bind the {{ic|/var/run/cups}} directory to the same (relative) location in the chroot environment.

Simply make sure the {{ic|/var/run/cups}} directory exists in the chroot environment and bind-mount the host {{ic|/var/run/cups}} to the chroot environment: 

 # mkdir ''chroot32-dir/var/run/cups''
 # mount --bind /var/run/cups ''chroot32-dir/var/run/cups''

and printers should be available from 32-bit chroot applications immediately.