ICC プロファイル

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一般的なデスクトップの利用に関して、ICC プロファイルは入力または出力デバイスの色の属性に関する正確な情報を含んでいるバイナリファイルです (ソース)。一つ、または複数のプロファイルをシステムとデバイスに適用することで、グラフィックやドキュメントを編集したり出版するために色を再現することができます。完全に正確な色彩が必要なときは三刺激色彩計や分光測色計を使って ICC プロファイルが較正されます。

プロファイルの作成

ファイルの転送

ICC モニタープロファイルを取得したいときは Windows 7/Vista/XP, または Mac OS X システムでプロファイルを作成することが一番簡単で広く推奨されています。ICC カラープロファイルはオープン標準にあわせて書き出されるので、別のオペレーティングシステムでも問題なく使えます。Linux で特定の分光光度計や測色計が使えない場合、他の OS からプロファイルを転送することで解決できるでしょう: 別の OS でプロファイルを作成して Linux のワークフローに乗せるだけです (ソース)。推奨される測色計は X-Rite i1Display 2 や Spyder3 Pro、もしくはオープンソースのハードウェア ColorHug などです。プロファイルを作成するシステムには後でプロファイルを使う時とまったく同じビデオカードとモニターが必要になります。ICC プロファイル、またはプロファイルのシリーズを Windows 7/Vista/XP で作成したら、以下のデフォルトパスからファイルをコピーしてください: 

C:\WINDOWS\System32\spool\drivers\color

Mac OS X は通常、一つ、または二つの場所に ICC プロファイルを保存します: 

/Library/ColorSync/Profiles
/Users/USER_NAME/Library/ColorSync/Profile

適切な .icc/.icm ファイルをコピーしたら、デバイスプロファイルを使用したいシステムにインストールしてください。Linux におけるデバイスプロファイルのインストールディレクトリは以下の通りです: 

/usr/share/color/icc
/usr/local/share/color/icc
/home/USER_NAME/.color/icc
ノート: Ensure that the calibrated contrast, brightness and RGB settings of the monitor do not change between the time of calibration and the loading of the ICC profile.

Gnome Color Manager

Gnome では gnome-color-manager を使って簡単に ICC プロファイルを作成できます。コントールセンターからアクセスすることができ、使い方はとても簡単です。この機能を使用するには測色計が必要になります。

LPROF ICC Profiler

LPROF is an ICC profiler with a graphical user interface listed under lprofAUR in the Arch User Repository (AUR).

ノート: 以下のウォークスルーは ArchWiki の Using LPROF to Profile Monitors から修正を加えられています。

モニターのキャリブレーション

コントラスト/明るさ

Adjust the lighting in the room to what you will be using when working. Even if your screen is coated with an anti-reflective coating, you should avoid light falling directly on it. Let your monitor warm up for at least an hour for the image to get stabilized. If your calibration device has an ambient diffuser, adjust your room brightness to reach the recommended target lux point.

  1. Set the monitor contrast to maximum, or 100%.
  2. Next, display a pure black over entire screen by creating a small, black PNG image (all pixels have RGB = 0, 0, 0) and opening it up in a picture viewer that is capable of displaying an image in fullscreen mode without any controls.
  3. Reduce the vertical size of the monitor screen (not the PNG image displayed by a picture viewer but the whole of what's displayed on the screen) to 60% to 70% of the full height. What is revealed above and below the picture is called a non-scanned area, and since that area is not receiving any voltage, it is the blackest of black your monitor is capable of displaying.
  4. Locate the brightness control (usually a sun, circle with rays projecting from it's edges) and lower the value until the black image matches the non-scanned area.
色温度

As we said in the introduction, setting color temperature must occur at noon. If you only have fixed factory default color temperature, you do not really need to wait for the sunny day to come. Just set it to 6500K.

Place your monitor so that you can see outside the window and your screen at the same time. For this step, you also need to create a white square image (RGB = 255, 255, 255), roughly 10 by 10 centimeters (4 by 3 inches). Using the same Gwenview technique as with brightness/contrast, display the white square on a pure black background.

  1. First, prepare your eyes by staring at the outside world for a while. Let them adjust to the daylight viewing condition for a few minutes.
  2. Glance at the monitor, and the white square for a few second (it has to be short, because eyes will readjust quickly).
  3. If the square seems yellowish, you need higher color temperature, or if it has a blueish cast, the temperature needs to be lowered.
  4. Keep glancing, looking out the window, and adjusting the white temperature, until the square looks pure white

Take your time with the steps described above. It is essential to get it right.

モニターのプロファイル

Start lprof. You will be presented by a fairly large window with multiple tabs on the right.

  1. Click on the Monitor Profiler tab. Then click on the large Enter monitor values >> button.
  2. White point should be set to 6500K (daylight).
  3. Primaries should be set to either SMPTE RP145-1994, or EBU Tech.3213-E or P22, or whatever appropriate values for your monitor. If you come across correct values for your monitor, enter those by selecting User Defined from the drop-down. If in doubt, you may use P22 for all monitors with Trinitron CRTs (in this case, Trinitron is not related to Sony Trinitron mointors and TVs), and SMPTE RP145-1994 for other CRTs.
  4. Click the Set Gamma and Black Point button.
  5. You will now see a full-screen view of two charts with some controls at the bottom.
  6. Uncheck the Link channels check-box and adjust individual Red, Green, and Blue gamma by either moving the slider left or right, or by entering and changing values in the three boxes to the left. The goal is to make the chart on the left (the smaller square one) flat. When you are satisfied with how it looks, check the Link channels check-box and adjust the gamma again.
  7. When you are done, click OK. Click OK again.

When you are finished entering monitor values, you might want to enter some information about the monitor. This is not mandatory, but it is always nice to know what profile is for what.

  1. Click Profile identification button.
  2. Fill in the data.
  3. Click OK to finish.

After you are all done, click on the '...' button next to Output Profile File box. Enter the name of your profile: somemonitor.icc. Click Create Profile button, and you are done.

Argyll CMS

The Argyll Color Management System is a complete suite of command-line profile creation and loading tools listed under argyllcms.

ThinkPad

See color profiles for IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad notebook monitor profile (generic) support.

ICC プロファイルのロード

ICC profiles are loaded either by the session daemon or by a dedicated ICC loader. Both Gnome and KDE have daemons capable of loading ICC profiles from colord. If you use colord in combination with either gnome-settings-daemon or colord-kdeAUR, the profile will be loaded automagically. If you're not using neither Gnome nor KDE, you may install an independent daemon, xiccd, which does the same but does not depend on your desktop environment. Do not start two ICC-capable daemons (e.g. gnome-settiongs-daemon and xiccd) at the same time.

If you're not using any ICC-capable session daemon, make sure you use only one ICC loader - either xcalib, dispwin, dispcalGUI-apply-profiles or others, otherwise you easily end up with uncontrolled environment. (The most recently run loader set the calibration, and the earlier loaded calibration is overwritten.)

Before using a particular ICC loader, you should understand that some tools set only the calibration curves (e.g. xcalib), other tools set only the display profile to X.org _ICC_PROFILE atom (e.g. xicc) and other tools do both tasks at once (e.g. dispwin, dispcalGUI-apply-profiles).

xcalib

  • xcalib is a lightweight monitor calibration loader which can load an ICC monitor profile to be shared across desktop applications. xcalibAUR is part of the Arch User Repository (AUR).

Xinitrc の例

Load profile P221W-sRGB.icc in /usr/share/color/icc on display host:0 when X server starts 

#!/bin/bash

/usr/bin/xcalib -d :0 /usr/share/color/icc/P221W-sRGB.icc

JWM <StartupCommand> の例

Load profile P221W-Native.icc in /usr/local/share/color/icc on display host:0 when JWM starts 

 <StartupCommand>xcalib -d :0 /usr/local/share/color/icc/P221W-Native.icc</StartupCommand>

dispwin

Xinitrc の例

Load profile 906w-6500K.icc in /home/arch/.color/icc on display 0 when X server starts 

#!/bin/bash

/usr/bin/dispwin -d0 /home/arch/.color/icc/906w-6500K.icc

JWM <StartupCommand> の例

Load Argyll calibration file 906w-7000K.cal in /usr/local/share/color/icc on display 1 when JWM starts 

 <StartupCommand>dispwin -d1 /usr/local/share/color/icc/906w-7000K.cal</StartupCommand>

参照

「https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php?title=ICC_プロファイル&oldid=2508」から取得