rTorrent

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2015年2月15日 (日) 12:49時点におけるKusakata (トーク | 投稿記録)による版 (→‎参照)
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rTorrent は迅速に動作する BitTorrent クライアントです。開発面では、libTorrent ライブラリを使用しています (libtorrent-rasterbar とは違います)。rTorrent は C++ を使って書かれており、ncurses プログラミングライブラリを利用したテキストユーザーインターフェイスがあります。ターミナルマルチプレクサ (例: GNU Screen や Tmux) と Secure Shell を一緒に使うことで、便利なリモート BitTorrent クライアントとして活用できます。

インストール

公式リポジトリの rtorrent パッケージをインストールしてください。

もしくは、AUR から rtorrent-gitAUR か rtorrent-extendedAUR をインストールしてください。

設定

ノート: See the rTorrent wiki article on this subject for more information: Common Tasks in rTorrent for Dummies.

rTorrent を実行する前に、サンプル設定ファイル /usr/share/doc/rtorrent/rtorrent.rc を探して ~/.rtorrent.rc にコピーしましょう: 

$ cp /usr/share/doc/rtorrent/rtorrent.rc ~/.rtorrent.rc

パフォーマンス

ノート: See the rTorrent wiki article on this subject for more information: Performance Tuning

以下のオプションの値はシステムのハードウェアやインターネットの接続速度に合わせます。最適値の見つけ方については次を読んでください: Optimize Your BitTorrent Download Speed 

min_peers = 40
max_peers = 52

min_peers_seed = 10
max_peers_seed = 52

max_uploads = 8

download_rate = 200
upload_rate = 28

The check_hash option executes a hash check when a torrent download is complete or rTorrent is started. When starting, it checks for errors in your completed files. 

check_hash = yes

ファイルの作成と管理

The directory option will determine where your torrent data will be saved (could be a relative path): 

directory = ~/downloaded

The session option allows rTorrent to save the progess of your torrents. It is recommended to create a directory in home directory (e.g. mkdir ~/.rtorrent.session). 

session = ~/.rtorrent.session

The schedule option has rTorrent watch a particular directory for new torrent files. Saving a torrent file to this directory will automatically start the download. Remember to create the directory that will be watched (e.g. mkdir ~/watch). Also, be careful when using this option as rTorrent will move the torrent file to your session folder and rename it to its hash value. 

schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=/home/user/watch/*.torrent
schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=
schedule = tied_directory,5,5,start_tied=

The following schedule option is intended to stop rTorrent from downloading data when disk space is low. 

schedule = low_diskspace,5,60,close_low_diskspace=100M

ポート設定

The port_range option sets which port(s) to use for listening. It is recommended to use a port that is higher than 49152 (see: List of port numbers). Although, rTorrent allows a range of ports, a single port is recommended. 

port_range = 49164-49164

Additionally, make sure port forwarding is enabled for the proper port(s) (see: Port Forward guides).

その他の設定

The encryption option enables or disables encryption. It is very important to enable this option, not only for yourself, but also for your peers in the torrent swarm. Some users need to obscure their bandwidth usage from their ISP. And it does not hurt to enable it even if you do not need the added security. 

encryption = allow_incoming,try_outgoing,enable_retry

It is also possible to force all connections to use encryption. However, be aware that this stricter rule will reduce your client's availability: 

encryption = require,require_RC4,allow_incoming,try_outgoing

See also Wikipedia:BitTorrent Protocol Encryption.

This final dht option enables DHT support. DHT is common among public trackers and will allow the client to acquire more peers. 

dht = auto
dht_port = 6881
peer_exchange = yes

キーバインディング

rTorrent relies exclusively on keyboard shortcuts for user input. A quick reference is available in the table below. A complete guide is available on the rTorrent wiki (see: rTorrent User Guide).

ノート: Striking Ctrl-q twice in quick succession will make rTorrent shutdown without waiting to send a stop announce to the connected trackers.
Cmd Action
Ctrl-q Quit application
Ctrl-s Start download. Runs hash first unless already done.
Ctrl-d Stop an active download or remove a stopped download
Ctrl-k Stop and close the files of an active download.
Ctrl-r Initiate hash check of torrent. Without starting to download/upload.
Left Returns to the previous screen
Right Goes to the next screen
Backspace/Return Adds the specified *.torrent
a|s|d Increase global upload throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s
A|S|D Increase global download throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s
z|x|c Decrease global upload throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s
Z|X|C Decrease global download throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s

マッピングの重複

Ctrl-s is often used for terminal control to stop screen output while Ctrl-q is used to start it. These mappings may interfere with rTorrent. Check to see if these terminal options are bound to a mapping: 

$ stty -a
...
swtch = <undef>; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V;
...

To remove the mappings, change the terminal characteristics to undefine the aforementioned special characters (i.e. stop and start): 

# stty stop undef
# stty start undef

To remove these mappings automatically at startup you may add the two preceding commands to your ~/.bashrc file.

Tips and Tricks

tmux や screen を使用する systemd サービスファイル

  • With tmux
/etc/systemd/system/rt@.service
[Unit]
Description=rTorrent
Requires=network.target local-fs.target

[Service]
Type=forking
RemainAfterExit=yes
KillMode=none
User=%I
ExecStart=/usr/bin/tmux new-session -s rt -n rtorrent -d rtorrent
ExecStop=/usr/bin/tmux send-keys -t rt:rtorrent C-q
WorkingDirectory=/home/%I/

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
  • With tmux (Restart rtorrent if crashed)
/etc/systemd/system/rt@.service
[Unit]
Description=rTorrent
Requires=network.target local-fs.target

[Service]
Type=forking
KillMode=none
User=%I
ExecStart=/usr/bin/tmux new-session -s rt -n rtorrent -d rtorrent
ExecStop=/usr/bin/tmux send-keys -t rt:rtorrent C-q
WorkingDirectory=/home/%I/
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
  • With tmux running as user rtorrent (Restart rtorrent if crashed)
/etc/systemd/system/rtorrent.service
[Unit]
Description=rTorrent Daemon
Requires=network.target local-fs.target

[Service]
Type=forking
KillMode=none
User=rtorrent
ExecStart=/usr/bin/tmux new-session -c /mnt/storage/rtorrent -s rtorrent -n rtorrent -d rtorrent
ExecStop=/usr/bin/tmux send-keys -t rtorrent C-q && /usr/bin/tmux kill-session -t rtorrent
WorkingDirectory=/home/rtorrent/
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
  • With screen
/etc/systemd/system/rt@.service
[Unit]
Description=rTorrent
Requires=network.target local-fs.target

[Service]
Type=forking
RemainAfterExit=yes
KillMode=none
User=%I
ExecStart=/usr/bin/screen -d -m -S rtorrent /usr/bin/rtorrent
ExecStop=/usr/bin/killall -w -s 2 /usr/bin/rtorrent
WorkingDirectory=/home/%I/

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Start at boot time: 

# systemctl enable rt@$USER

Start manually: 

# systemctl start rt@$USER

Stop: 

# systemctl stop rt@$USER

Attach to rtorrent's session: 

tmux attach -t rt

Detach: 

Ctrl-b d

事前割り当て

The rTorrent package in the community repository lacks pre-allocation. Compiling rTorrent with pre-allocation allows files to be allocated before downloading the torrent. The major benefit is that it limits and avoids fragmentation of the filesystem. However, this introduces a delay during the pre-allocation if the filesystem does not support the fallocate syscall natively.

Therefore this switch is recommended for xfs, ext4 and btrfs filesystems, which have native fallocate syscall support. They will see no delay during preallocation and no fragmented filesystem. Pre-allocation on others filesystems will cause a delay but will not fragment the files.

To make pre-allocation available, recompile libTorrent from the ABS tree with the following new switch: 

 $ ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-debug --with-posix-fallocate

To enable it, add the following to your ~/rtorrent.rc: 

~/rtorrent.rc
  # Preallocate files; reduces defragmentation on filesystems.
  system.file_allocate.set = yes

完了したファイルの管理

ノート:
  • Currently, this part requires either the git version of rtorrent/libtorrent or having applied the patch to 0.8.6 that adds 'equal'.
  • If you're having trouble with this tip, it's probably easier to follow this.

It is possible to have rtorrent sort completed torrent data to specific folders based on which 'watch' folder you drop the *.torrent into while continuing to seed. Many examples show how to do this with torrents downloaded by rtorrent. The problem is when you try to drop in 100% done torrent data and then have rtorrent check the data and resume, it will not be sorted.

As a solution, use the following example in your ~/.rtorrent.rc. Make sure to change the paths. 

# location where new torrent data is placed, and where you should place your
# 'complete' data before you place your *.torrent file into the watch folder
directory = /home/user/torrents/incomplete

# schedule a timer event named 'watch_directory_1':
# 1) triggers 10 seconds after rtorrent starts
# 2) triggers at 10 second intervals thereafter
# 3) Upon trigger, attempt to load (and start) new *.torrent files found in /home/user/torrents/watch/
# 4) set a variable named 'custom1' with the value "/home/user/torrents/complete"
# NOTE: if you do not want it to automatically start the torrent, change 'load_start' to 'load'
schedule = watch_directory_1,10,10,"load_start=/home/user/torrents/watch/*.torrent,d.set_custom1=/home/user/torrents/complete"

# insert a method with the alias 'checkdirs1'
# 1) returns true if the current path of the torrent data is not equal to the value of custom1
# 2) otherwise, returns false
system.method.insert=checkdirs1,simple,"not=\"$equal={d.get_custom1=,d.get_base_path=}\""

# insert a method with the alias 'movecheck1'
# 1) returns true if all 3 commands return true ('result of checkdirs1' && 'torrent is 100% done', 'custom1 variable is set')
# 2) otherwise, returns false
system.method.insert=movecheck1,simple,"and={checkdirs1=,d.get_complete=,d.get_custom1=}"

# insert a method with the alias 'movedir1'
# (a series of commands, separated by ';') 
# 1) "set path of torrent to equal the value of custom1";
# 2) "mv -u <current data path> <custom1 path>";
# 3) "clear custom1", "stop the torrent","resume the torrent"
# 4) stop the torrent
# 5) start the torrent (to get the torrent to update the 'base path')
system.method.insert=movedir1,simple,"d.set_directory=$d.get_custom1=;execute=mv,-u,$d.get_base_path=,$d.get_custom1=;d.set_custom1=;d.stop=;d.start="

# set a key with the name 'move_hashed1' that is triggered by the hash_done event.
# 1) When hashing of a torrent completes, this custom key will be triggered.
# 2) when triggered, execute the 'movecheck1' method and check the return value.
# 3) if the 'movecheck' method returns 'true', execute the 'movedir1' method we inserted above.
# NOTE-0: *Only* data that has had their hash checked manually with ^R [^R = Control r].
# Or on a rtorrent restart[which initiates a hash check]. Will the data move; ~/torrents/incomplete => ~/torrents/complete for example.
# NOTE-1: 'branch' is an 'if' conditional statement: if(movecheck1){movedir1}
system.method.set_key=event.download.hash_done,move_hashed1,"branch={$movecheck1=,movedir1=}"

You can add additional watch folders and rules should you like to sort your torrents into special folders.

For example, if you would like the torrents to download in: 

/home/user/torrents/incomplete

and then sort the torrent data based on which folder you dropped the *.torrent into: 

/home/user/torrents/watch => /home/user/torrents/complete
/home/user/torrents/watch/iso => /home/user/torrents/complete/iso
/home/user/torrents/watch/music => /home/user/torrents/complete/music

You can have the following in your .rtorrent.rc: 

directory = /home/user/torrents/incomplete
schedule = watch_directory_1,10,10,"load_start=/home/user/torrents/watch/*.torrent,d.set_custom1=/home/user/torrents/complete"

schedule = watch_directory_2,10,10,"load_start=/home/user/torrents/watch/iso/*.torrent,d.set_custom1=/home/user/torrents/complete/iso"

schedule = watch_directory_3,10,10,"load_start=/home/user/torrents/watch/music/*.torrent,d.set_custom1=/home/user/torrents/complete/music"

system.method.insert=checkdirs1,simple,"not=\"$equal={d.get_custom1=,d.get_base_path=}\""
system.method.insert=movecheck1,simple,"and={checkdirs1=,d.get_complete=,d.get_custom1=}"
system.method.insert=movedir1,simple,"d.set_directory=$d.get_custom1=;execute=mv,-u,$d.get_base_path=,$d.get_custom1=;d.set_custom1=;d.stop=;d.start="
system.method.set_key=event.download.hash_done,move_hashed1,"branch={$movecheck1=,movedir1=}"

Also see pyroscope especially the rtcontrol examples. There is an AUR package.

Google メールで通知

Cell phone providers allow you to "email" your phone: 

Verizon: 10digitphonenumber@vtext.com
AT&T: 10digitphonenumber@txt.att.net
Former AT&T customers: 10digitphonenumber@mmode.com
Sprint: 10digitphonenumber@messaging.sprintpcs.com
T-Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@tmomail.net
Nextel: 10digitphonenumber@messaging.nextel.com
Cingular: 10digitphonenumber@cingularme.com
Virgin Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@vmobl.com
Alltel: 10digitphonenumber@alltelmessage.com OR
10digitphonenumber@message.alltel.com
CellularOne: 10digitphonenumber@mobile.celloneusa.com
Omnipoint: 10digitphonenumber@omnipointpcs.com
Qwest: 10digitphonenumber@qwestmp.com
Telus: 10digitphonenumber@msg.telus.com
Rogers Wireless: 10digitphonenumber@pcs.rogers.com
Fido: 10digitphonenumber@fido.ca
Bell Mobility: 10digitphonenumber@txt.bell.ca
Koodo Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@msg.koodomobile.com
MTS: 10digitphonenumber@text.mtsmobility.com
President's Choice: 10digitphonenumber@txt.bell.ca
Sasktel: 10digitphonenumber@sms.sasktel.com
Solo: 10digitphonenumber@txt.bell.ca
  • Clear the /etc/mail.rc file and enter:
set sendmail="/usr/bin/mailx"
set smtp=smtp.gmail.com:587
set smtp-use-starttls
set ssl-verify=ignore
set ssl-auth=login
set smtp-auth-user=USERNAME@gmail.com
set smtp-auth-password=PASSWORD

Now to send the text, we must pipe a message to the mailx program.

  • Make a Bash script:
/path/to/mail.sh
echo "$@: Done" | mailx 5551234567@vtext.com

Where the $@ is a variable holding all the arguments passed to our script.

  • And finally, add the important ~/.rtorrent.rc line:
system.method.set_key = event.download.finished,notify_me,"execute=/path/to/mail.sh,$d.get_name="

Breaking it down:

notify_me is the command id, which may be used by other commands, it can be just about anything you like, so long as it is unique.

execute= is the rtorrent command, in this case to execute a shell command.

/path/to/mail.sh is the name of our script (or whatever command you want to execute) followed by a comma separated list of all the switches/arguments to be passed.

$d.get_name= 'd' is an alias to whatever download triggered the command, get_name is a function which returns the name of our download, and the '$' tells rTorrent to replace the command with its output before it calls execute.

The end result? When that torrent, 'All Live Nudibranches', that we started before leaving for work finishes, we will be texted: 

All Live Nudibranches: Done

アクティブな torrent を表示

The rtorrent doesn't list the active tab properly by default, add this line to your .rtorrent.rc to show only active torrents 

schedule = filter_active,30,30,"view_filter = active,\"or={d.get_up_rate=,d.get_down_rate=}\""

Then press 9 in your rTorrent client to see the changes in action.

手動でトラッカーを torrent に追加

  1. Select torrent to edit from rTorrent console view.
  2. Hit Ctrl+x.
  3. If you had four trackers type following lines one at a time (always press Ctrl+x first) to add four more for example:
d.tracker.insert="5","udp://tracker.publicbt.com:80"
d.tracker.insert="6","udp://tracker.openbittorrent.com:80"
d.tracker.insert="7","udp://tracker.istole.it:80"
d.tracker.insert="8","udp://tracker.ccc.de:80"

トラブルシューティング

CA 証明書

To use rTorrent with a tracker that uses HTTPS, do the following as root: 

# cd /etc/ssl/certs
# wget --no-check-certificate https://www.geotrust.com/resources/root_certificates/certificates/Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer
# mv Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.pem
# c_rehash

And from now on run rTorrent with: 

$ rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs

If you use GNU Screen, update the .screenrc configuration file to reflect this change: 

$ screen -t rtorrent rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs

In rTorrent 0.8.9, set network.http.ssl_verify_peer.set=0 to fix the problem.

For more information see: rTorrent Error & CA Certificate and rTorrent Certificates Problem

ディレクトリのロック

rTorrent can sometimes lock up after a crash or incorrect shutdown, and will complain about a lock file.

Per the error message, the file called "rtorrent.lock" can be found within the hidden folder .rtorrentsession for your download directory and manually removed.

Event failed: bad return code

This is caused by there being spaces in your system.method.* lines. Remove the spaces and it will work.

ウェブインターフェイス

There are numerous web interfaces and front ends for rTorrent including:

  • WTorrent is a web interface to rtorrent programmed in php using Smarty templates and XMLRPC for PHP library.
  • nTorrent is a graphical user interface client to rtorrent (a cli torrent client) written in Java.
  • rTWi is a simple rTorrent web interface written in PHP.
  • Rtgui is a web based front end for rTorrent written in PHP and uses XML-RPC to communicate with the rTorrent client.
  • rutorrent and Forum - A web-based front-end with an interface very similar to uTorrent which supports many plugins and advanced features (see also: ruTorrent and Guide on forum).
ノート: rTorrent is currently built using XML-RPC for C/C++, which is required for some web interfaces (e.g. ruTorrent).

XMLRPC インターフェイス

If you want to use rtorrent with some web interfaces (e.g. rutorrent) you need to add the following line to the configuration file: 

scgi_port = localhost:5000

For more information see: Using XMLRPC with rtorrent

マグネットリンクを watch フォルダに torrent ファイルとして保存

ノート: Rtorrent natively supports downloading torrents through magnet links. At the main view (reached by starting Rtorrent and pressing 1), press enter. At "load.normal>" paste the magnet link and press enter again. This will start the download.

If you wish to have magnet links automatically added to your watch folder, here is a script that will do the trick: 

#!/bin/bash
watch_folder=~/.rtorrent/watch
cd $watch_folder
[[ "$1" =~ xt=urn:btih:([^&/]+) ]] || exit;
echo "d10:magnet-uri${#1}:${1}e" > "meta-${BASH_REMATCH[1]}.torrent"

(adapted from http://blog.gonzih.org/blog/2012/02/17/how-to-use-magnet-links-with-rtorrent/).

Save it, for instance as rtorrent-magnet, give it execution permission, and place it somewhere under your $PATH. Then in Firefox:

  1. Type about:config into the Location Bar (address bar) and press Enter.
  2. Right-click: New > Boolean > Name: network.protocol-handler.expose.magnet > Value > false.
  3. Next time you click a magnet link you will be asked which application to open it with. Select the script we just created and you'll be done.

If you want xdg-open to handle this, which you need if you're using chrome instead of firefox, (though gnome and other DE might have their own programs overriding xdg-open) you need to patch xdg-open according to this site [1]

but since you do not want to open the magnet with deluge, change deluge for the name of your script as such adding the following at the right place in the xdg-open code: 

    elif (echo "$1" | grep -q '^magnet:'); then
        rtorrent-magnet "$1" 
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            exit_success
        fi

This should be at line 652 at the time of writing, xdg-open 1.1.0 rc1

rtorrent-pyro

rtorrent-pyroAUR from the AUR comes with an extended rtorrent console interface. It doesn't contain the pyroscope tools yet though. If you also need the pyroscope tools see #PyroScope .

Make sure you add following command to ~/.rtorrent.rc, which makes the asterisk key * to a shortcut for toggling between extended and collapsed view within rtorrent's interface: 

schedule = bind_collapse,0,0,"ui.bind_key=download_list,*,view.collapsed.toggle="

Also set "pyro.extended" to 1 to activate rTorrent-PS features. 

system.method.insert = pyro.extended, value|const, 1

PyroScope

We create a directory for the installation of pyroscope, then download and update the source code from subversion: 

mkdir -p ~/.lib
svn checkout http://pyroscope.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ ~/.lib/pyroscope
~/.lib/pyroscope/update-to-head.sh

Adding pyroscope bin's PATH to .bashrc: 

export PATH=$PATH:path_to_the_bin      # Example path for pyroscope bin's: /home/user/.lib/pyroscope/bin/

Creating the ~/.pyroscope/config.ini: 

pyroadmin --create-config

Add this to your ~/.rtorrent.rc. Don't forget to add the path of your pyroscope bin's dir (see below). 

system.method.insert = pyro.bin_dir, string|const, write_here_path_to_your_pyroscope_bin_dir     # Example path: /home/user/.lib/pyroscope/bin/
system.method.insert = pyro.rc_dialect, string|const|simple, "execute_capture=bash,-c,\"test $1 = 0.8.6 && echo -n 0.8.6 || echo -n 0.8.9\",dialect,$system.client_version="
system.method.insert = pyro.rtorrent_rc, string|const|private, "$cat=~/.pyroscope/rtorrent-,\"$pyro.rc_dialect=\",.rc.default"
import = $pyro.rtorrent_rc=

Optionally: TORQUE: Daemon watchdog schedule. Must be activated by touching the "~/.pyroscope/run/pyrotorque" file! You can also just use rtorrent watch dir or give pyro_watchdog a try, which comes with 'treewatch' ability, meaning it also watches for torrents recursively within the given watch path. Further documentation for pyro_watchdog is here: [2] To enable pyro_watchdog, add this in ~/.rtorrent.rc and further configurations are in ~/.pyroscope/torque.ini. 

schedule = pyro_watchdog,30,300,"pyro.watchdog=~/.pyroscope,-v"

Following steps are important. Before using pyroscope tools you have to set the missing "loaded" times to that of the .torrent file. Run this in your terminal: 

rtcontrol '!*"*' loaded=0 -q -sname -o 'echo "$(name)s"\ntest -f "$(metafile)s" && rtxmlrpc -q d.set_custom $(hash)s tm_loaded \$(\
    ls -l --time-style "+%%s" "$(metafile)s" \
    | cut -f6 -d" ")\nrtxmlrpc -q d.save_session $(hash)s' | bash

And now set the missing "completed" times to that of the data file or directory: 

rtcontrol '!*"*' completed=0 done=100 path=\! is_ghost=no -q -sname -o 'echo "$(name)s"\ntest -e "$(realpath)s" && rtxmlrpc -q d.set_custom $(hash)s tm_completed \$(\
    ls -ld --time-style "+%%s" "$(realpath)s" \
    | cut -f6 -d" ")\nrtxmlrpc -q d.save_session $(hash)s' | bash

Example usage: Will print out all torrents older than 2 hours: 

rtcontrol -V completed=+2h -scompleted -ocompleted

Deletes all torrents older than 48 hours: 

rtcontrol -V completed=+48h -scompleted -ocompleted --cull --yes

参照

フォーラムスレッド

「https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php?title=RTorrent&oldid=2278」から取得