OfflineIMAP
OfflineIMAP は IMAP サーバーからメールを同期する Python ユーティリティです。POP3 プロトコルや mbox は使えないため、通常 Mutt などの MUA と組み合わされて使われます。
目次
インストール
offlineimap をインストールしてください。開発版は offlineimap-gitAUR をインストールしてください。
設定
Offlineimap には2つのデフォルト設定ファイルが付属しており、どちらも /usr/share/offlineimap/
にあります。offlineimap.conf
には全ての設定が含まれておりコメントが付与されています。また、offlineimap.conf.minimal
にはコメントが付いておらず多少の設定しか含まれていません (参照: Minimal)。
デフォルト設定ファイルのどちらかを ~/.offlineimaprc
にコピーしてください。
Minimal
offlineimap.conf.minimal
のコメントが付いたバージョンは以下になります:
~/.offlineimaprc
[general] # List of accounts to be synced, separated by a comma. accounts = main [Account main] # Identifier for the local repository; e.g. the maildir to be synced via IMAP. localrepository = main-local # Identifier for the remote repository; i.e. the actual IMAP, usually non-local. remoterepository = main-remote # Status cache. Default is plain, which eventually becomes huge and slow. status_backend = sqlite [Repository main-local] # Currently, offlineimap only supports maildir and IMAP for local repositories. type = Maildir # Where should the mail be placed? localfolders = ~/Maildir [Repository main-remote] # Remote repos can be IMAP or Gmail, the latter being a preconfigured IMAP. type = IMAP remotehost = host.domain.tld remoteuser = username
フォルダの同期の選択
特定のフォルダだけを同期したい場合、~/.offlineimaprc
でアカウントの remote セクションに folderfilter を使います。例えば、以下の設定では Inbox
と Sent
フォルダだけが同期されます:
~/.offlineimaprc
[Repository main-remote] # Synchronize only the folders Inbox and Sent: folderfilter = lambda foldername: foldername in ["Inbox", "Sent"] ...
他のオプションについては、公式ドキュメント を見て下さい。
使用方法
offlineimap を実行する前に、ローカルリポジトリとして使用するペアレントディレクトリを作成してください:
$ mkdir ~/Maildir
そして、プログラムを実行してください:
$ offlineimap
メールアカウントが同期されます。何か問題が発生した場合、エラーメッセージをよく見て下さい。OfflineIMAP は基本的に問題について詳しい出力を表示します。最終的な製品からのトレースバックを取得するのに開発者が悩む必要がないようにするためです。
Tips and tricks
バックグラウンドで offlineimap を実行
大抵のメール転送エージェントはデフォルトで、プログラムを定期的に同期させることでデーモンとしてツールを使うのが前提になっています。offlineimap では、バックグラウンドで作業を制御する設定はあまりありません。
紛らわしいことに、バックグラウンドの設定は設定ファイルのあらゆるところに散らばっています:
~/.offlineimaprc
# In the general section [general] # Controls how many accounts may be synced simultaneously maxsyncaccounts = 1 # In the account identifier [Account main] # Minutes between syncs autorefresh = 5 # Number of quick-syncs between autorefreshes. Quick-syncs do not update if the # only changes were to IMAP flags quick = 10 # In the remote repository identifier [Repository main-remote] # Instead of closing the connection once a sync is complete, offlineimap will # send empty data to the server to hold the connection open. A value of 60 # attempts to hold the connection for a minute between syncs (both quick and # autorefresh).This setting has no effect if autorefresh and holdconnectionopen # are not both set. keepalive = 60 # OfflineIMAP normally closes IMAP server connections between refreshes if # the global option autorefresh is specified. If you wish it to keep the # connection open, set this to true. This setting has no effect if autorefresh # is not set. holdconnectionopen = yes
systemd サービス
バックグラウンドジョブを実行するように設定したら、以下の systemd サービスで offlineimap を管理することができます:
/etc/systemd/system/offlineimap@.service
[Unit] Description=Start offlineimap as a daemon Requires=network-online.target After=network.target [Service] User=%i ExecStart=/usr/bin/offlineimap KillSignal=SIGUSR2 Restart=always [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
サービスを作成したら offlineimap@user.service
を有効化してください。
mutt 用に自動的にメールボックスを作成
Mutt cannot be simply pointed to an IMAP or maildir directory and be expected to guess which subdirectories happen to be the mailboxes, yet offlineimap can generate a muttrc fragment containing the mailboxes that it syncs.
~/.offlineimaprc
[mbnames] enabled = yes filename = ~/.mutt/mailboxes header = "mailboxes " peritem = "+%(accountname)s/%(foldername)s" sep = " " footer = "\n"
Then add the following lines to ~/.mutt/muttrc
.
~/.mutt/muttrc
# IMAP: offlineimap set folder = "~/Mail" source ~/.mutt/mailboxes set spoolfile = "+account/INBOX" set record = "+account/Sent\ Items" set postponed = "+account/Drafts"
account
is the name you have given to your IMAP account in ~/.offlineimaprc
.
Gmail の設定
This remote repository is configured specifically for Gmail support, substituting folder names in uppercase for lowercase, among other small additions. Keep in mind that this configuration does not sync the All Mail folder, since it is usually unnecessary and skipping it prevents bandwidth costs:
~/.offlineimaprc
[Repository gmail-remote] type = Gmail remoteuser = user@gmail.com remotepass = password nametrans = lambda foldername: re.sub ('^\[gmail\]', 'bak', re.sub ('sent_mail', 'sent', re.sub ('starred', 'flagged', re.sub (' ', '_', foldername.lower())))) folderfilter = lambda foldername: foldername not in ['[Gmail]/All Mail'] # Necessary as of OfflineIMAP 6.5.4 sslcacertfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
パスワードの管理
.netrc
以下の行を ~/.netrc
に追加してください:
machine hostname.tld login [your username] password [your password]
Do not forget to give the file appropriate rights like 600 or 700:
$ chmod 600 ~/.netrc
GPG を使う
GNU Privacy Guard を使うことで暗号化ファイルにパスワードを保存することができます。このセクションの設定を行う前にまず GnuPG をセットアップしてください。パスワードを入力しなくても GPG の秘密鍵をいつでも使えるようにしておく必要があります。
まずプレーンテキストファイルにメールアカウントのパスワードを入力してください。暗号化されていないパスワードがディスクに書き込まれないように、ファイルの作成は tmpfs 上の 700
パーミッションの安全なディレクトリで行なって下さい。それから、公開鍵でファイルを暗号化します:
$ gpg --default-recipient-self -e /path/to/plain/password
必要なくなったプレーンテキストファイルは削除してください。暗号化したファイルは最終的に必要な場所 (例: ~/.offlineimappass.gpg
) に移動してください。
次にパスワードを復号化する python 関数を作成します:
~/.offlineimap.py
#! /usr/bin/env python2 from subprocess import check_output def get_pass(): return check_output("gpg -dq ~/.offlineimappass.gpg", shell=True).strip("\n")
上記のファイルを ~/.offlineimaprc
からロードして、定義した関数を指定してください:
~/.offlineimaprc
[general] # Path to file with arbitrary Python code to be loaded pythonfile = ~/.offlineimap.py ... [Repository example] # Decrypt and read the encrypted password remotepasseval = get_pass() ...
pass を使う
pass は GPG ベースのシンプルなコマンドラインのパスワードマネージャです。
最初にメールアカウントのパスワードを作成:
$ pass insert Mail/account
次にパスワードを復号化する python 関数を作成:
~/.offlineimap.py
#! /usr/bin/env python2 from subprocess import check_output def get_pass(account): return check_output("pass Mail/" + account, shell=True).rstrip()
上記はマルチアカウントセットアップの例です。前述の pass の引数はカスタマイズできます。
~/.offlineimaprc
からファイルをロードして、定義した関数を指定:
~/.offlineimaprc
[general] # Path to file with arbitrary Python code to be loaded pythonfile = ~/.offlineimap.py ... [Repository Gmail] # Decrypt and read the encrypted password remotepasseval = get_pass("Gmail") ...
Gnome Keyring
In configuration for remote repositories the remoteusereval/remotepasseval fields can be set to custom python code that evaluates to the username/password. The code can be a call to a function defined in a Python script pointed to by 'pythonfile' config field. Create ~/.offlineimap.py
according to either of the two options below and use it in the configuration:
[general] pythonfile = ~/.offlineimap.py [Repository examplerepo] type = IMAP remotehost = mail.example.com remoteusereval = get_username("examplerepo") remotepasseval = get_password("examplerepo")
方法 1: gnomekeyring の Python モジュールを使う
~/.offlineimap.py
#! /usr/bin/env python2 import gnomekeyring as gkey def set_credentials(repo, user, pw): KEYRING_NAME = "offlineimap" attrs = { "repo": repo, "user": user } keyring = gkey.get_default_keyring_sync() gkey.item_create_sync(keyring, gkey.ITEM_NETWORK_PASSWORD, KEYRING_NAME, attrs, pw, True) def get_credentials(repo): keyring = gkey.get_default_keyring_sync() attrs = {"repo": repo} items = gkey.find_items_sync(gkey.ITEM_NETWORK_PASSWORD, attrs) return (items[0].attributes["user"], items[0].secret) def get_username(repo): return get_credentials(repo)[0] def get_password(repo): return get_credentials(repo)[1] if __name__ == "__main__": import sys import os import getpass if len(sys.argv) != 3: print "Usage: %s <repository> <username>" \ % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])) sys.exit(0) repo, username = sys.argv[1:] password = getpass.getpass("Enter password for user '%s': " % username) password_confirmation = getpass.getpass("Confirm password: ") if password != password_confirmation: print "Error: password confirmation does not match" sys.exit(1) set_credentials(repo, username, password)
To set the credentials, run this script from a shell.
方法 2: gnome-keyring-queryAUR ツールを使う
~/.offlineimap.py
#! /usr/bin/env python2 # executes gnome-keyring-query get passwd # and returns the output import locale from subprocess import Popen, PIPE encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] def get_password(p): (out, err) = Popen(["gnome-keyring-query", "get", p], stdout=PIPE).communicate() return out.decode(encoding).strip()
python2-keyring
There is a general solution that should work for any keyring. Install python2-keyring from AUR, then change your ~/.offlineimaprc to say something like:
[general] pythonfile = /home/user/offlineimap.py ... [Repository RemoteEmail] remoteuser = username@host.net remotepasseval = keyring.get_password("offlineimap","username@host.net") ...
and somewhere in ~/offlineimap.py add import keyring
. Now all you have to do is set your password, like so:
$ python2 >>> import keyring >>> keyring.set_password("offlineimap","username@host.net", "MYPASSWORD")
and it will grab the password from your (kwallet/gnome-) keyring instead of having to keep it in plaintext or enter it each time.
Emacs EasyPG
See http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/OfflineIMAP#toc2
KeePass / KeePassX
Install python2-keepass-gitAUR from the AUR, then add the following to your offlineimap.py file:
#! /usr/bin/env python2 import os, getpass from keepass import kpdb def get_keepass_pw(dbpath, title="", username=""): if os.path.isfile(dbpath): db = kpdb.Database(dbpath, getpass.getpass("Master password for '" + dbpath + "': ")) for entry in db.entries: if (entry.title == title) and (entry.username == username): return entry.password else: print "Error: '" + dbpath + "' does not exist." return
(Credit to aki--aki: https://gist.github.com/aki--aki/5180359)
Next, edit your ~/.offlineimaprc:
[general] # VVV Set this path correctly VVV pythonfile = /home/user/offlineimap.py ... [Repository RemoteEmail] remoteuser = username@host.net # Set the DB path as well as the title and username of the specific entry you'd like to use. # This will prompt you on STDIN at runtime for the kdb master password. remotepasseval = get_keepass_pw("/path/to/database.kdb", title="<entry title>", username="<entry username>") ...
Note that as-is, this does not support KDBs with keyfiles, only KDBs with password-only auth.
Kerberos 認証
Install python2-kerberosAUR from AUR and do not specify remotepass in your .offlineimaprc. OfflineImap figure out the reset all if have a valid Kerberos TGT. If you have 'maxconnections', it will fail for some connection. Comment 'maxconnections' out will solve this problem.
トラブルシューティング
UI の上書きと自動更新の設定
For the sake of troubleshooting, it is sometimes convenient to launch offlineimap with a more verbose UI, no background syncs and perhaps even a debug level:
$ offlineimap [ -o ] [ -d <debug_type> ] [ -u <ui> ]
- -o
- Disable autorefresh, keepalive, etc.
- -d <debug_type>
- Where <debug_type> is one of
imap
,maildir
orthread
. Debugging imap and maildir are, by far, the most useful.
- -u <ui>
- Where <ui> is one of
CURSES.BLINKENLIGHTS
,TTY.TTYUI
,NONINTERACTIVE.BASIC
,NONINTERACTIVE.QUIET
orMACHINE.MACHINEUI
. TTY.TTYUI is sufficient for debugging purposes.
フォルダが作成できない
In version 6.5.3, offlineimap gained the ability to create folders in the remote repository, as described here.
This can lead to errors of the following form when using nametrans
on the remote repository:
ERROR: Creating folder bar on repository foo-remote Folder 'bar'[foo-remote] could not be created. Server responded: ('NO', ['[ALREADYEXISTS] Duplicate folder name bar (Failure)'])
The solution is to provide an inverse nametrans
lambda for the local repository, e.g.
~/.offlineimaprc
[Repository foo-local] nametrans = lambda foldername: foldername.replace('bar', 'BAR') [Repository foo-remote] nametrans = lambda foldername: foldername.replace('BAR', 'bar')
- For working out the correct inverse mapping. the output of
offlineimap --info
should help. - After updating the mapping, it may be necessary to remove all of the folders under
$HOME/.offlineimap/
for the affected accounts.
SSL フィンガープリントが一致しない
ERROR: Server SSL fingerprint 'keykeykey' for hostname 'example.com' does not match configured fingerprint. Please verify and set 'cert_fingerprint' accordingly if not set yet.
To solve this, add to ~/.offlineimaprc
(in the same section as ssl = yes
) one of the following:
- either add
cert_fingerprint
, with the certificate fingerprint of the remote server. This checks whether the remote server certificate matches the given fingerprint.
cert_fingerprint = keykeykey
- or add
sslcacertfile
with the path to the system CA certificates file. Needs ca-certificates installed. This validates the remote ssl certificate chain against the Certification Authorities in that file.
sslcacertfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
参照
- OfflineIMAP 公式メーリングリスト
- Gnus, Dovecot, OfflineIMAP, search: a HOWTO
- Mutt + Gmail + Offlineimap - An outline of brisbin's simple gmail/mutt setup using cron to keep offlineimap syncing.