DeveloperWiki:クリーンな chroot 内でビルドする

導入

This article is part of the en:DeveloperWiki.

理由

Building in a clean chroot prevents missing dependencies in packages, whether due to unwanted linking or packages missing in the depends array in the PKGBUILD. It also allows users to build a package for the stable repositories (core, extra, community) while having packages from [testing] installed.

便利な方法

To quickly build a package in a clean chroot without any further tinkering, one can use the helper scripts from the devtools package.

These helper scripts should be called in the same directory where the PKGBUILD is, just like with makepkg. For instance, extra-x86_64-build automatically sets up a chroot from a clean chroot matrix in /var/lib/archbuild, updates it, and builds a package for the extra repository. For multilib builds there is just multilib-build without an architecture. Consult the table below for information on which script to use when building for a specific repository and architecture.

The -c parameter resets the chroot matrix, which can be useful in case of breakage. It is not needed for building in a clean chroot.

ノート: [core] is omitted because those packages are required to go through [testing] first before landing in [core].

ノート: If the objective is to build a [core] package for your own local usage, it may be desirable to use the stable repositories instead of the testing. In this case you may simply use the extra build scripts.

Target repository	Architecture	Build script to use	Pacman configuration file used
extra / community	x86_64	extra-x86_64-build	/usr/share/devtools/pacman-extra.conf
testing / community-testing	x86_64	testing-x86_64-build	/usr/share/devtools/pacman-testing.conf
staging / community-staging	x86_64	staging-x86_64-build	/usr/share/devtools/pacman-staging.conf
multilib	x86_64	multilib-build	/usr/share/devtools/pacman-multilib.conf
multilib-testing	x86_64	multilib-testing-build	/usr/share/devtools/pacman-multilib-testing.conf
multilib-staging	x86_64	multilib-staging-build	/usr/share/devtools/pacman-multilib-staging.conf

従来の方法

chroot のセットアップ

The devtools package provides tools for creating and building within clean chroots. Install it if not done already.

To make a clean chroot, create a directory in which the chroot will reside. For example, $HOME/chroot.

$ mkdir ~/chroot

Define the CHROOT variable:

$ CHROOT=$HOME/chroot

Now create the chroot (the sub directory root is required because the $CHROOT directory will get other sub directories for clean working copies):

$ mkarchroot $CHROOT/root base-devel

ノート: One can also define the CHROOT variable in $HOME/.bashrc using the export command if the location is to be repeatedly used.

ノート: On btrfs disks, the chroot is created as a subvolume, so you have to remove it by removing the subvolume with # btrfs subvolume delete $CHROOT/root.

Edit ~/.makepkg.conf to set the packager name and any makeflags. Also adjust the mirrorlist in $CHROOT/root/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist and enable the testing repository in $CHROOT/root/etc/pacman.conf, if desired.

ノート: The ~ and $HOME variable are resolved to /root/ by the makechrootpkg script (described below).

pacman.conf のカスタマイズ

Alternatively, provide a custom pacman.conf and makepkg.conf with the following:

$ mkarchroot -C <pacman.conf> -M <makepkg.conf> $CHROOT/root base-devel

警告: Using a custom pacman.conf or makepkg.conf during the initial creation of clean chroot can result in unintended custom adjustments to the chroot environment. Use with caution.

chroot の中でビルドする

Firstly, make sure the base chroot ($CHROOT/root) is up to date:

$ arch-nspawn $CHROOT/root pacman -Syu

Then, build a package by calling makechrootpkg in the directory containing its PKGBUILD:

$ makechrootpkg -c -r $CHROOT

ノート: Passing the -c flag to makechrootpkg ensures that the working chroot ($CHROOT/$USER) is cleaned before building.

必要なパッケージを事前にインストールする

To build a package with dependencies unavailable from the repositories enabled in $CHROOT/root/pacman.conf, pre-install them to the working chroot with -I <package>:

$ makechrootpkg -c -r $CHROOT -I build-dependency-1.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz -I required-package-2.0-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz

makepkg に引数を渡す

To pass arguments to makepkg, list them after an end-of-options marker; e.g., to force a check():

$ makechrootpkg -c -r $CHROOT -- --check

一般的なリビルドを扱う

The cleanest way to handle a major rebuild is to use the [staging] repositories. Build the first package against [extra] and push it to [staging]. Then rebuild all following packages against [staging] and push them there.

If you can't use [staging], you can build against custom packages using a command like this:

# extra-x86_64-build -- -I ~/packages/foobar/foobar-2-1-any.pkg.tar.xz

You can specify more than one package to be installed using multiple -I arguments.

A simpler, but dirtier way to handle a major rebuild is to install all built packages in the chroot, never cleaning it. Build the first package using:

# extra-x86_64-build

And build all following packages using:

# makechrootpkg -n -r /var/lib/archbuild/extra-x86_64

Running namcap (the -n argument) implies installing the package in the chroot. *-build also does this by default.

ヒントとテクニック

tmpfs 内でビルドする

If the system has enough RAM, it is possible to specify a tmpfs for the devtools build scripts.

# mkdir -p /mnt/chroots/arch
# mount -t tmpfs -o defaults,size=20G /mnt/chroots/arch
# extra-x86_64-build -c -r /mnt/chroots/arch