「アーカイブと圧縮」の版間の差分

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{{Expansion|Are other compression algorithms such as lz4, lzop and zstd also supported by both implementations?}}
  
{{Expansion|Are other compression algorithms such as lz4, lzop and zstd also supported by both implementations?}}
   
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{{Tip|GNU とBSD tar はどちらも、 bzip2、 compress、 gzip、 lzip、 lzma、 および xz 圧縮アーカイブの解凍委任を自動的に実行します。 アーカイブを作成する場合、両方とも {{ic|-a}} スイッチをサポートして、ファイル拡張子に基づいて適切な圧縮プログラムを介して作成されたアーカイブを自動的にフィルタリングします。 BSD tar はフォーマットに基づいて圧縮フォーマットを認識しますが、 GNU tar はファイル拡張子に基づいて推測するだけです。}}
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{{Tip|Both GNU and BSD tar automatically do decompression delegation for bzip2, compress, gzip, lzip, lzma and xz compressed archives. When creating archives both support the {{ic|-a}} switch to automatically filter the created archive through the right compression program based on the file extension. While BSD tar recognizes compression formats based on the format, GNU tar only guesses based on the file extension.}}
  
   
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See also [[#Archiving only usage]].
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こちらも参照 [[#Archiving only usage]]
   
 
== Compression tools ==
  
== Compression tools ==

2020年11月23日 (月) 15:32時点における版

従来の Unix アーカイブおよび圧縮ツールは、UNIX哲学に従って分離されています。

  • A ファイル アーカイバ は、複数のファイルを1つのアーカイブファイルに結合します。 tar
  • A 圧縮 ツールはデータを圧縮および解凍します。 gzip

これらのツールは、最初にアーカイブファイルを作成し、次にそれを圧縮することによって順番に使用されることがよくあります。

もちろん、 それ以外にも暗号化、エラー検出、および回復を追加する tools もあります。

Archiving only

Name Package Manuals Description
GNU tar tar tar(1), info Core utility for manipulating the ubiquitous tar archives (tarballs), which are used by pacman and the AUR.
libarchive libarchive bsdtar(1)
bsdcpio(1)		 Implementation of tar and cpio that also offers a library. Used by pacman and mkinitcpio.
ar binutils ar(1) Legacy Unix archiver before tar. Today only used for creating static library files.
cpio cpio cpio(1) File archiver via stdin/stdout, supports cpio and tar formats.
DAR darAUR dar(1) Archiver to backup large live filesystems, takes care of hard links, extended attributes, sparse files and inode types.
この記事またはセクションは加筆を必要としています。
理由: Are other compression algorithms such as lz4, lzop and zstd also supported by both implementations? (議論: トーク:アーカイブと圧縮#)
ヒント: GNU とBSD tar はどちらも、 bzip2、 compress、 gzip、 lzip、 lzma、 および xz 圧縮アーカイブの解凍委任を自動的に実行します。 アーカイブを作成する場合、両方とも -a スイッチをサポートして、ファイル拡張子に基づいて適切な圧縮プログラムを介して作成されたアーカイブを自動的にフィルタリングします。 BSD tar はフォーマットに基づいて圧縮フォーマットを認識しますが、 GNU tar はファイル拡張子に基づいて推測するだけです。

こちらも参照 #Archiving only usage

Compression tools

Compression only

These compression programs implement their own file format.

Name Package Manual Ext Tar ext Description Parallel implementations
bzip2 bzip2 bzip2(1) .bz2, .bz .tbz2, .tbz Uses the Burrows–Wheeler algorithm. lbzip2, pbzip2
gzip gzip gzip(1) .gz, .z .tgz, .taz GNU zip, based on DEFLATE algorithm. pigz
lrzip lrzip lrzip(1) .lrz Improved version of rzip, uses multiple algorithms. is multithreaded
LZ4 lz4 lz4(1) .lz4 Written in C, focused on compression and decompression speed. is multithreaded
lzip lzip lzip(1) .lz Uses LZMA. plzipAUR
lzop lzop lzop(1) .lzop .tzo Uses the LZO library (lzo).
xz xz xz(1) .xz, .lzma .txz, .tlz Uses LZMA, default for GNU coreutils and kernel archive files. is multithreaded, pixz, pxz-gitAUR
zstd zstd zstd(1) .zst Uses Zstandard algorithm. is multithreaded
  • Parallel implementations offer improved speeds by using multiple CPU cores.
  • Tar extensions refers to compressed archives where tar and the compression tool is used, e.g. .tzo is .tar.lzo.
  • See also #Compression only usage.

Archiving and compression

Name Packages Manuals Ext Description
7z p7zip 7z(1) .7z POSIX port of 7-zip's command-line. See p7zip.
RAR rarAUR, unrar rar(1) .rar Both the format and the rar utility are proprietary.
ZIP zip, unzip zip(1), unzip(1) .zip Widely used outside of the Linux world.
Unarchiver unarchiver unar(1), lsar(1) many Command-line tool of a Mac application, supports over 40 archive formats.
ZPAQ zpaqAUR zpaq(1) .zpaq A high compression ratio archiver written in C++, uses several algorithms.
LHa lhasa, lhaAUR lha(1) .lzh (on Amiga: .lha) LZH/LHA archiver, supports the lh7-method.

See also #Archiving and compression usage.

Feature charts

Decompress

Name gzip bzip2 ZIP LHa/LZH compress pack CAB ARJ
gzip Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No
p7zip Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
unarchiver Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes partial
ノート: gzip's gunzip can only decompress single member ZIP files.

Usage comparison

Archiving only usage

Name Create archive Extract archive List content
tar(1) tar cfv archive.tar file1 file2 tar xfv archive.tar tar -tvf archive.tar
cpio(1) ls file1 file2 | cpio -o > archive.cpio cpio -i -vd < archive.cpio cpio -t < archive.cpio

Compression only usage

Name Compress Decompress Decompress to stdout
bzip2(1) bzip2 file bzip2 -d file.bz2 bzcat file.bz2
gzip(1) gzip file gzip -d file.gz zcat file.gz
lrzip(1) lrzip file
lrztar folder		 lrzip -d file.lrz
lrztar -d folder.tar.lrz		 lrzcat file.lrz
xz(1) xz file xz -d file.xz xzcat file.xz

Archiving and compression usage

Name Compress Decompress Decompress to stdout List content
7z(1) 7z a archive.7z file1 file2 7z x archive.7z 7z e -so archive.7z file1 7z l archive.7z
rar(1) & unrar rar a archive.rar file1 file2 rar x archive.rar rar p -inul archive.rar file1 rar l archive.rar
zip(1), unzip(1) zip archive.zip file1 file2 unzip archive.zip unzip -p archive.zip file1 unzip -l archive.zip
lha(1) lha ao7 archive.lzh file1 file2 lha x archive.lzh minimal: lha l archive.lzh verbose: lha v archive.lzh

Convenience tools

  • atool — Script for managing file archives of various types.
https://www.nongnu.org/atool/ || atool
  • dtrx — An intelligent archive extraction tool.
https://github.com/brettcs/dtrx || dtrxAUR
  • unp — Command line tool that can unpack archives easily.
https://github.com/mitsuhiko/unp || python-unpAUR
  • unpack — Wrapper script for handling multiple archive formats.
https://github.com/githaff/unpack || unpack-gitAUR

Determining archive format

To extract an archive, its file format needs to be determined. If the file is properly named you can deduce its format from the file extension.

Otherwise you can use the file tool, see file(1).

Esoteric, rare or deprecated tools

Name Packages Ext Description
ARC arcAUR .arc, .ark Was very popular during the early days of the dial-up BBS. Superseded by ZIP.
ARJ arj .arj An archiver used on DOS/Windows in mid-1990s. This is an open source clone.
compress ncompress .Z The classic unix compression utility which can handle the ancient .Z archive.
PAR2 par2cmdline .par2 Parity archiver for increased data integrity. See also Parchive.
shar sharutils .shar Creates self-extracting archives that are valid shell scripts.
Zoo zooAUR .zoo Was mostly popular on the OpenVMS operating system before PKZIP became popular.

Device mapper compression

この記事あるいはセクションで使われている用語や表現には問題が存在します。
議論: Do not use indefinite time references such as "recently", see Help:Style#Language register. (議論: トーク:アーカイブと圧縮#)

There is work being done to mainline (integrate into the Linux kernel project) the recently open-sourced VDO project, which provides a deduplication and compression device mapper layer in the interest of increasing storage efficiency. The following packages are available:

  • vdo — Userspace tools for managing VDO volumes
https://github.com/dm-vdo/vdo || vdoAUR
  • kvdo — A pair of kernel modules which provide pools of deduplicated and/or compressed block storage
https://github.com/dm-vdo/kvdo || kvdo-dkmsAUR

Compression libraries

  • Brotli — Compression algorithm for data streams using the LZ77 algorithm, Huffman coding and 2nd order context modeling.
https://github.com/google/brotli || brotli
  • zlib — Compression library implementing the deflate compression method found in gzip and PKZIP.
https://www.zlib.net/ || zlib
  • Zopfli — High compress ratio file compressor from Google, using a deflate-compatible algorithm called zopfli.
https://github.com/google/zopfli || zopfli-gitAUR

See also

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