「インプットメソッド」の版間の差分
Kusanaginoturugi (トーク | 投稿記録) (→使用可能なインプトメソッドエディターの一覧: update list.) |
Kusanaginoturugi (トーク | 投稿記録) (→設定: 飜訳) |
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== 設定 == |
== 設定 == |
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| + | [[デスクトップ環境]]で、インストールされているインプットメソッドフレームワークを使用可能として適切に登録し、ユーザー入力を処理するように割り当てるには、それに応じて[[環境変数]]のセットを構成する必要があります。 |
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| − | In order for your [[desktop environment]] to properly register an installed input method framework as available and assign it to handle user input, a set of [[environment variables]] must be configured accordingly. A good place to do so is {{ic|/etc/environment}}. |
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| + | {{Note|これらの変数が設定されていない場合、[[GTK]]と [[Qt]] はシステムの [[locale]] 設定を読み込んで、どの IMF を使うべきかを判断しようとしますが、このプロセスは推測に頼っており、非常にエラーを起こしやすいものです。正しく動作するシステムのために、あなたは常にこれらの変数を明示的に自分で設定することを選ぶべきです。}} |
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| − | {{Note|If these variables are not set, both [[GTK]] and [[Qt]] will attempt to read the system's [[locale]] settings to determine which IMF they should use, but this process relies on guesswork and can be very error-prone. For a properly working system, you should always opt to explicitly set these variables yourself.}} |
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| − | {{Tip| |
+ | {{Tip|何らかの理由で[[デスクトップ環境]]での IMF による入力処理を完全に無効にしたい場合([[GNOME]] では [[IBus]] との緊密な統合のため推奨'''しません''')、これらの変数を設定しないままにするか、[[GTK]] と [[Qt]] の場合、これらの値を、{{ic|1=GTK_IM_MODULE=gtk-im-context-simple}} と {{ic|1=QT_IM_MODULE=simple}} で置き換えることができます。}} |
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| − | {{Accuracy|1=There have been reports (even in this Wiki) that these variables sometimes (or maybe in some specific desktop environments like LXDE) do not work as expected, with users claiming that they had to specify ''xim'' instead of their IMF. I'm not really sure if these claims are accurate or when exactly they were reported (it might have been years ago, when the IM frameworks were even more of a mess than they are now). For what it's worth, with regards to Fcitx and IBus at least, I haven't had any problem using them in both GTK and Qt environments and applications by only specifying the variables exactly as laid out below. Maybe for Uim and Scim (which don't seem to have been updated much in recent times) the situation is different, but I wouldn't know.}} |
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=== Fcitx5 === |
=== Fcitx5 === |
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2022年2月24日 (木) 14:04時点における版
目次
インプットメソッド
From Wikipedia:Input method:
- An input method (or input method editor, commonly abbreviated as IME) is an operating system component or program that enables users to generate characters not natively available on their input devices by using sequences of characters (or mouse operations) that are natively available on their input devices. Using an input method is usually necessary for languages that have more graphemes than there are keys on the keyboard.
In simpler words, an IME is an application that allows us to use Latin characters in order to type non-Latin characters.
Some IMEs do this through a process called romanization, which is the transliteration of non-Latin language sounds into the Latin equivalents that most closely resemble them. As an example, the Japanese written word for "sake" or "rice wine" is 酒, also written as さけ, and romanized as "sake". The IME's role is to act as a middleman between the keyboard and the input fields, so that when we type "sake" it will intercept the keyboard's input, replace "sake" with 酒 or さけ (as chosen by users) and type the native characters for us instead of the keys we pressed.
There are also IMEs that do not make use of romanization. One of the most prominent ones, Cangjie, does so by decomposing Chinese characters into their radicals, matching these radicals to a second set of its own internal radicals, and finally matching these internal radicals to the Latin characters. As an example, the Chinese written word for "wine" is also 酒, which consists of the radicals 氵, 一, ⼉, 口 and 一. Cangjie matches these radicals to the internal radicals 水, 一, 金, 田 and 一, and then matches these to the Latin characters emcw; this means that when we type "emcw", Cangjie will intercept the keyboard's input, replace "emcw" with 酒, and type that character on the screen.
Input method framework
Most IMEs work as part of an input method framework (commonly abbreviated as IMF), which is an application that allows the user to easily switch between different IMEs. In fact, this is the exact same application that many of us unknowingly use everyday to switch between the different Latin keyboard layouts (e.g. English, Spanish, German, etc).
The most common IMF is IBus (often used in GTK-based environments like GNOME), followed by Scim, Fcitx/Fcitx5 (mostly used in Qt-based environments like KDE) and Uim. Very uncommon ones include Gcin, Nimf and Hime. [1] Additionally, Emacs is a very popular text editor that has its own internal IMF.
See also Wikipedia:List of input methods for Unix platforms.
使用可能なインプトメソッドエディターの一覧
次の表は、Arch リポジトリと AUR で現在利用可能なさまざまな言語の IME を示しています。
設定
デスクトップ環境で、インストールされているインプットメソッドフレームワークを使用可能として適切に登録し、ユーザー入力を処理するように割り当てるには、それに応じて環境変数のセットを構成する必要があります。
Fcitx5
詳細については、Fcitx5 を参照してください。
GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
IBus
詳細については、IBus を参照してください。
GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus QT_IM_MODULE=ibus XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
Uim
詳細については、Uim を参照してください。
GTK_IM_MODULE=uim QT_IM_MODULE=uim XMODIFIERS=@im=uim
Emacs
According to this Fcitx wiki entry, "in some case, including emacs and java. Emacs has a historical bug, that under en_US.UTF-8 or similar locale, it will never use XIM (Though emacs is a gtk app, it use XIM). The only way to walkaround this is to use LC_CTYPE to fix this."
Scim
詳細については、Scim を参照してください。
GTK_IM_MODULE=scim QT_IM_MODULE=scim XMODIFIERS=@im=scim