PDF、PS および DjVu

この記事は、PDF, PostScript (PS), DjVu ('デジャブ'), XPS ファイルを閲覧、編集、変換するソフトウェアを扱います。

エンジン

• Poppler — PDF rendering library based on Xpdf. For CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) support with Poppler, インストール poppler-data.

https://poppler.freedesktop.org/ || poppler

• Mupdf — MuPDF is a lightweight PDF, XPS, and EPUB viewer, consisting of a software library, command line tools, and viewers.

https://mupdf.com/ || libmupdf

• libspectre — Small library for rendering Postscript documents.

https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/libspectre || libspectre

• Ghostscript — Interpreter for PostScript and PDF. Provides the gs(1) command-line interface, see also /usr/share/doc/ghostscript/*/Use.htm (online), along with many wrapper scripts like ps2pdf and pdf2ps.

https://ghostscript.com/ || ghostscript

• DjVuLibre — Suite to create, manipulate and view DjVu documents.

http://djvu.sourceforge.net/ || djvulibre

• libgxps — GObject based library for handling and rendering XPS documents.

https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/libgxps || libgxps

ビューア

フレームバッファ

• fbgs — Poor man's PostScript/pdf viewer for the linux framebuffer console.

https://www.kraxel.org/blog/linux/fbida/ || fbida

• fbpdf — Small framebuffer PDF and DjVu viewer based on MuPDF, with Vim keybindings and written in C

https://repo.or.cz/w/fbpdf.git || fbpdf-git^AUR

• jfbview — Framebuffer PDF and image viewer. Features include Vim-like controls, zoom-to-fit, a TOC (outline) view and fast multi-threaded rendering.

https://github.com/jichu4n/jfbview || jfbview^AUR

グラフィカル

ノート: Some ウェブブラウザ can display PDF files, for example with PDF.js.

• Adobe Reader — Proprietary PDF file viewer offered by Adobe. Discontinued for Linux.

https://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html || acroread^AUR

• apvlv — Lightweight document viewer with Vim keybindings. Supports PDF, DjVu, EPUB, HTML and TXT.

https://naihe2010.github.io/apvlv/ || apvlv^AUR

• Atril — Simple multi-page document viewer for MATE. Supports DjVu, DVI, EPS, EPUB, PDF, PostScript, TIFF, XPS and Comicbook.

https://github.com/mate-desktop/atril || atril

• CorePDF — Simple lightweight PDF viewer based on Qt and poppler. Part of C-Suite.

https://cubocore.org/ || corepdf^AUR

• Deepin Document Viewer — A simple PDF and DjVu reader, supporting bookmarks, highlights and annotations.

https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-reader || deepin-reader

• DjView — Viewer for DjVu documents.

http://djvu.sourceforge.net/djview4.html || djview

• ePDFView — Lightweight PDF document viewer using the Poppler and GTK libraries. Development stopped.

http://freecode.com/projects/epdfview || epdfview

• Emacs — See also pdf-tools for improved pdf support (emacs-pdf-tools-git^AUR) and the djvu package for djvu support.

https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/ || emacs

• Evince — Document viewer for GNOME. Supports DjVu, DVI, EPS, PDF, PostScript, TIFF, XPS and Comicbook.

https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Evince || evince

• Foxit Reader — Small, fast (compared to Acrobat) proprietary PDF viewer. Discontinued for Linux.

https://www.foxitsoftware.com/pdf-reader/ || foxitreader^AUR

• gv — Graphical user interface for the Ghostscript interpreter that allows to view and navigate through PostScript and PDF documents.

https://www.gnu.org/software/gv/ || gv

• llpp — Very fast PDF reader based off of MuPDF, that supports continuous page scrolling, bookmarking, and text search through the whole document.

https://repo.or.cz/w/llpp.git || llpp

• MuPDF — Very fast EPUB, FictionBook, PDF, XPS and Comicbook viewer written in portable C. Features CJK font support.

https://mupdf.com/ || mupdf

• Okular — Universal document viewer for KDE. Supports CHM, Comicbook, DjVu, DVI, EPUB, FictionBook, Mobipocket, ODT, PDF, Plucker, PostScript, TIFF and XPS.

https://okular.kde.org/ || okular

• pdfpc — Presenter console with multi-monitor support for PDF files.

https://pdfpc.github.io/ || pdfpc

• qpdfview — Tabbed document viewer. It uses Poppler for PDF support, libspectre for PS support, DjVuLibre for DjVu support, CUPS for printing support and the Qt toolkit for its interface.

https://launchpad.net/qpdfview || qpdfview

• Xpdf — Viewer that can decode LZW and read encrypted PDFs.

https://www.xpdfreader.com/ || xpdf

• Xreader — Document viewer part of the X-Apps Project. Supports DjVu, DVI, EPUB, PDF, PostScript, TIFF, XPS, Comicbook.

https://github.com/linuxmint/xreader/ || xreader

• Zathura — Highly customizable and functional document viewer (plugin based). Supports PDF, DjVu, PostScript and Comicbook.

https://pwmt.org/projects/zathura/ || zathura

比較

Asterisk next to library denotes optional dependency needs to be installed for specified feature.

Name	PDF	PostScript	DjVu	XPS	PDF forms	PDF Annotation	License
Adobe Reader	Custom	–	–	–	Yes	–	proprietary
apvlv	Poppler	–	DjVuLibre	–	No	–	GPLv2
Atril	Poppler	libspectre	DjVuLibre	libgxps	Yes	–	GPLv2
DjView	–	–	DjVuLibre	–	–	–	GPLv2
Emacs	Ghostscript*		DjVuLibre*	–	No	Yes	GPLv3
ePDFView	Poppler	–	–	–	No	–	GPLv2
Evince	Poppler	libspectre	DjVuLibre	libgxps	Yes	Yes	GPLv2
Foxit Reader	Custom	–	–	–	Yes	Yes	proprietary
gv	Ghostscript		–	–	No	–	GPLv3
llpp	libmupdf	–	–	libmupdf	Yes	–	GPLv3
MuPDF	Custom	–	–	Custom	Yes	Yes	AGPLv3
Okular	Poppler	libspectre	DjVuLibre	Custom	Yes	Yes	GPL, LGPL
pdfpc	Poppler	–	–	–	No	–	GPLv2
qpdfview	Poppler	libspectre*	DjVuLibre*	–	Yes	Yes	GPLv2
Xpdf	Custom	–	–	–	No	–	GPLv3
Xreader	Poppler	libspectre*	DjVuLibre*	libgxps*	Yes	Yes	GPLv2
Zathura	Poppler* / libmupdf*	libspectre*	DjVuLibre*	libmupdf*	No	–	zlib

PDF フォーム

The PDF forms column in the above table refers to AcroForms support. If you do not need your input to be directly extractable from the PDF, you can also use the applications in #Annotation or #Graphical PDF editing to put text on top of a PDF. PDF forms can be created with LibreOffice Writer (View > Toolbars > Form Controls) and the advanced PDF editors.

The proprietary and deprecated XFA format for forms is not fully supported by Poppler[1][2] and only supported by Adobe Reader and Master PDF Editor.

Alternatively, web browsers such as Firefox or Chromium feature a built-in PDF viewer capable of filling out forms.

注釈

• flpsed — A PostScript and PDF annotator, only supports text boxes.

https://flpsed.org/flpsed.html || flpsed^AUR

See also アプリケーション一覧/ドキュメント#手書きメモ.

グラフィカル PDF 編集

• Scribus can import and export PDF; text is imported as polygons.[3]
• LibreOffice Draw can import and export PDF; text is imported as text; embedded fonts are substituted.[4][5]
• Inkscape can import a single page from a PDF and export to PDF; text is imported as cloned glyphs or text; with the latter embedded fonts are substituted.
• Graphics editors like GIMP and krita can also import and export PDFs at the cost of rasterization.

Basic editors

• jPDF Tweak — Java Swing application that can combine, split, rotate, reorder, watermark, encrypt, sign, and otherwise tweak PDF files.

http://jpdftweak.sourceforge.net/ || jpdftweak^AUR

• PDF Arranger — Helps merge or split pdf documents and rotate, crop and rearrange pages. It is a maintained fork of PDF-Shuffler.

https://github.com/jeromerobert/pdfarranger || pdfarranger

• PDF Chain — GTK front-end for PDFtk, written in C++, supporting concatenation, burst, watermarks, attaching files and more.

http://pdfchain.sourceforge.net/ || pdfchain^AUR

• PdfJumbler — Simple tool to rearrange, merge, delete and rotate pages in PDF files.

https://github.com/mgropp/pdfjumbler || pdfjumbler^AUR

• PDF Mix Tool — Qt front-end for PoDoFo, written in C++, supports splitting, merging, rotating and mixing PDF files.

https://scarpetta.eu/pdfmixtool/ || pdfmixtool

• PDF Mod — Reorder, rotate, and remove pages, export images from a document, edit the title, subject, author, and keywords, and combine documents via drag and drop.

https://wiki.gnome.org/Attic/PdfMod || pdfmod

• PDFsam — Open source application, written in Java, supports merging, splitting and rotating.

https://pdfsam.org/ || pdfsam^AUR

• PDF Slicer — Simple application to extract, merge, rotate and reorder pages of PDF documents.

https://junrrein.github.io/pdfslicer/ || pdfslicer

• PDF Tricks — Simple, efficient application for small manipulations in PDF files using Ghostscript.

https://github.com/muriloventuroso/pdftricks || pdftricks

Cropping tools

• briss — Java GUI to crop pages of PDF documents to one or more regions selected.

https://sourceforge.net/projects/briss/ || briss^AUR

• krop — Simple graphical tool to crop the pages of PDF files.

https://arminstraub.com/software/krop || krop^AUR

• pdfCropMargins — Automatically crops the margins of PDF files.

https://github.com/abarker/pdfCropMargins || pdfcropmargins^AUR

• PdfHandoutCrop — Tool to crop pdf handout with multiple pages per sheet.

https://cges30901.github.io/pdfhandoutcrop/ || pdfhandoutcrop^AUR

Advanced editors

• Master PDF Editor — Functional proprietary PDF editor. Latest version free for non-commercial use. The -free package is outdated but lacks a watermark.

https://code-industry.net/free-pdf-editor/ || masterpdfeditor^AUR, masterpdfeditor-free^AUR

• PDF Studio — All-in-one proprietary PDF editor similar to Adobe Acrobat.

https://www.qoppa.com/pdfstudio/ || pdfstudio-bin^AUR

PDF ツール

See also Ghostscript.

• Coherent PDF — Command line tools to manipulate PDF files including merge, encrypt, decrypt, scale, crop, rotate, bookmarks, stamp, logos, page numbers.

https://community.coherentpdf.com/ || cpdf^AUR

• DiffPDF — Compare the text or the visual appearance of each page in two PDF files.

https://gitlab.com/eang/diffpdf || diffpdf

• mupdf-tools — Tools developed as part of MuPDF, contains mutool(1) and muraster.

https://mupdf.com || mupdf-tools

• pdfgrep — Commandline utility to search text in PDF files.

https://pdfgrep.org/ || pdfgrep

• pdfjam — Can be used to n-up, join, rotate and flip PDFs and arrange them into a format suitable for book binding.

https://github.com/DavidFirth/pdfjam || texlive-core

• pdf2svg — Convert PDF files to SVG files.

http://www.cityinthesky.co.uk/opensource/pdf2svg/ || pdf2svg

• PDFtk — Simple tool for doing everyday things with PDF documents.

http://www.pdfhacks.com/pdftk || pdftk

• QPDF — Content-preserving PDF transformation system.

https://github.com/qpdf/qpdf || qpdf

• Stapler — Light alternative to PDFtk using the PyPDF2 library.

https://github.com/hellerbarde/stapler || stapler^AUR, stapler-git^AUR

Create a PDF from images

With GraphicsMagick:

$ gm convert 1.jpg 2.jpg 3.jpg out.pdf

Concatenate PDFs

With Ghostscript:

$ gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOUTPUTFILE=out.pdf -dBATCH 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf

With PDFtk:

$ pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf cat output out.pdf

With Poppler:

$ pdfunite 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf out.pdf

With QPDF:

$ qpdf --empty --pages 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf -- out.pdf

Convert a PDF to text

With Poppler and maintaining the layout:

$ pdftotext -layout in.pdf out.txt

See also pdftotext(1).

Decrypt a PDF

This section lists commands to decrypt a PDF to an unencrypted file. Note that most PDF viewers also support encrypted PDFs.

With PDFtk:

$ pdftk in.pdf input_pw password output out.pdf

With Poppler to PostScript:

$ pdftops -upw password in.pdf out.ps

With QPDF:

$ qpdf --decrypt --password=password in.pdf out.pdf

ヒント: Forgotten passwords might be recovered with pdfcrack, see pdfcrack(1).

Encrypt a PDF

The user password is used for encryption, the owner password to restrict operations once the document is decrypted, for more information, see Wikipedia:PDF#Security and signatures.

With PDFtk:

$ pdftk in.pdf output out.pdf user_pw password

With PoDoFo:

$ podofoencrypt -u user_password -o owner_password in.pdf out.pdf

With QPDF:

$ qpdf --encrypt user_password owner_password key_length -- in.pdf out.pdf

where key_length can be 40, 128 or 256.

Extract images from a PDF

With Poppler to JPEG:

$ pdfimages infile.pdf -j outfileroot

Extract page range from PDF, split multipage PDF document

With Ghostscript as a single file[6]

$ gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -dSAFER -dFirstPage=first -dLastPage=last -sOutputFile=outfile.pdf infile.pdf

With PDFtk as a single file:

$ pdftk infile.pdf cat first-last output outfile.pdf

With Poppler as separate files:

$ pdfseparate -f first -l last infile.pdf outfileroot-%d.pdf

With QPDF as a single file:

$ qpdf --empty --pages infile.pdf first-last -- outfile.pdf

With mutool as a single file:

$ mutool clean -g infile.pdf outfile.pdf first-last

Imposing a PDF

PDF Imposition can be done with pdfjam, for example paper waste can be reduced with pdfnup and pdfbook can be used to arrange PDFs into a format suitable for book binding.

Inspecting metadata

With ExifTool:

$ exiftool file.pdf

With Poppler:

$ pdfinfo file.pdf

Optimize, reduce size of a PDF

With Ghostscript one of:

$ ps2pdf -dPDFSETTINGS=/screen in.pdf out.pdf
$ gs -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer -sOutputFile=out.pdf in.pdf

For different settings see the documentation.

There is also shrinkpdf^AUR, a script wrapping gs.

Rasterize a PDF

With GraphicsMagick to convert a specific page:

$ gm convert -density dpi infile.pdf[page] outfile.jpg

With Poppler to convert all pages:

$ pdftoppm -jpeg -r dpi infile.pdf outfileroot

With Poppler to convert a specific page:

$ pdftoppm -jpeg -r dpi -f page -singlefile infile.pdf outfileroot

Splitting PDF pages

With mupdf-tools to split every page vertically into two pages:

$ mutool poster -y 2 in.pdf out.pdf

Can be used to undo simple imposition.

Add signature.png or image to one of the pages in the PDF

To add an image to any location in PDF can be done with ImageMagick (convert), xv and pdftk. A wrapper script is here and other hints are here.

DjVu ツール

• DjVuLibre provides many command-line tools, like ddjvu(1) for example.
• img2djvu — Single-pass DjVu encoder based on DjVu Libre and ImageMagick.

https://github.com/ashipunov/img2djvu || img2djvu-git^AUR

• pdf2djvu — Creates DjVu files from PDF files.

https://jwilk.net/software/pdf2djvu || pdf2djvu^AUR

Convert DjVu to images

Break Djvu into separate pages:

$ djvmcvt -i input.djvu /path/to/out/dir output-index.djvu

Convert Djvu pages into images:

$ ddjvu --format=tiff page.djvu page.tiff

Convert Djvu pages into PDF:

$ ddjvu --format=pdf inputfile.djvu ouputfile.pdf

You can also use --page to export specific pages:

$ ddjvu --format=tiff --page=1-10 input.djvu output.tiff

this will convert pages from 1 to 10 into one tiff file.

Processing images

You can use scantailor-advanced to:

• fix orientation
• split pages
• deskew
• crop
• adjust margins

Make DjVu from images

There is a useful script img2djvu-git^AUR.

$ img2djvu -c1 -d600 -v1 ./out

it will create 600 DPI out.djvu from all files in ./out directory.

Alternatively, you can try didjvu^AUR, which seems to create smaller files especially on images with well defined background.

PostScript ツール

• pstotext — Converts PostScript files to text.

https://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/doc/pstotext.htm || pstotext

• Ghostscript

ps2pdf

ps2pdf is a wrapper around ghostscript to convert PostScript to PDF:

$ ps2pdf -sPAPERSIZE=a4 -dOptimize=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true YourPSFile.ps

Explanation:

• with -sPAPERSIZE=something you define the paper size. For valid PAPERSIZE values, see [7].
• -dOptimize=true lets the created PDF be optimised for loading.
• -dEmbedAllFonts=true makes the fonts look always nice.

ノート: You cannot choose the paper orientation in ps2pdf. If your input PS file is healthy, it already contains the orientation information. If you are trying to use an Encapsulated PS file, you will have problems, if it does not fit in the -sPAPERSIZE you specified, because EPS files usually do not contain paper orientation information. A workaround is creating a new paper in ghostscript settings (call it e.g. "slide") and use it as -sPAPERSIZE=slide.

ライブラリ

• libharu — C library for generating PDF documents.

https://github.com/libharu/libharu || libharu, Lua binding: lua-hpdf^AUR

• PoDoFo — A C++ library to work with the PDF file format.

http://podofo.sourceforge.net || podofo

Python

• PDFMiner — Utils to extract, analyze text data of PDF files. Includes pdf2txt, dumppdf, and latin2ascii

https://www.unixuser.org/~euske/python/pdfminer/ || python-pdfminer, pdfminer^AUR

• pdfrw — A pure Python library that reads and writes PDFs.

https://github.com/pmaupin/pdfrw || python-pdfrw, python2-pdfrw^AUR

• PyPDF2 — A pure-Python library built as a PDF toolkit.

https://mstamy2.github.io/PyPDF2/ || python-pypdf2^AUR, python2-pypdf2^AUR

• PyX — Python library for the creation of PostScript and PDF files.

http://pyx.sourceforge.net || python-pyx

• ReportLab — A proven industry-strength PDF generating solution

https://www.reportlab.com/ || python-reportlab, python2-reportlab^AUR

参照

• アプリケーション一覧/ドキュメント#文章リーダー・ビューア
• アプリケーション一覧/ドキュメント#OCR ソフトウェア
• Wikipedia:List of PDF software
• PDF References
  • PDF Reference and Adobe Extensions to the PDF Specification
  • Wikipedia:PDF#Further reading